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796 lines
44 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<link HREF="mailto:drh@cs.princeton.edu" REV="made" TITLE="David R. Hanson">
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<title>Installing lcc</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Installing lcc</h1>
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<p ALIGN="LEFT"><strong><a HREF="http://www.research.microsoft.com/~cwfraser/">Christopher
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W. Fraser</a> and <a HREF="http://www.research.microsoft.com/~drh/">David R. Hanson</a>, <a
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HREF="http://www.research.microsoft.com/">Microsoft Research</a></strong></p>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
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<dir>
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<li><a HREF="#intro">Introduction</a></li>
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<li><a HREF="#unix">Installation on UNIX</a></li>
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<li><a HREF="#driver">Building the Driver</a></li>
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<li><a HREF="#rcc">Building the Compiler and Accessories</a></li>
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<li><a HREF="#win32">Installation on Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 95/98</a></li>
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<li><a HREF="#bugs">Reporting Bugs</a></li>
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<li><a HREF="#mailinglist">Keeping in Touch</a></li>
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</dir>
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<h2><a NAME="intro">Introduction</a></h2>
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<p><a HREF="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/software/lcc/">lcc</a> is the ANSI C compiler
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described in our book <cite>A Retargetable C Compiler: Design and Implementation</cite>
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(Addison-Wesley, 1995, ISBN 0-8053-1670-1).</p>
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<p>If you're installing lcc on a UNIX system, read the remainder of this section and
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continue with the next section. If you're installing lcc on a Windows NT 4.0 or Windows
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95/98 system, and you intend only to <u>use</u> lcc, you can run the <a
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href="ftp://ftp.cs.princeton.edu/pub/packages/lcc/lcc41.exe">InstallShield executable</a>,
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which installs the binaries and the documentation. If you want to <u>modify</u> lcc or <u>rebuild</u>
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it from the source files, you need the <a
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href="ftp://ftp.cs.princeton.edu/packages/lcc/lcc41.zip">complete distribution</a>, and
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you should read the rest of the section, the following three sections, and the <a
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HREF="#win32">Windows NT/95/98</a> section.</p>
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<p>Extract the distribution into its own directory. All non-absolute paths below are
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relative to this directory. The distribution holds the following subdirectories.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="80%">
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<tr>
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<td><a HREF="../src"><code>src</code></a></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>source code</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a HREF="../etc"><code>etc</code></a></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>driver, accessories</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a HREF="../lib"><code>lib</code></a></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>runtime library source code</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a HREF="../cpp"><code>cpp</code></a></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>preprocessor source code</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a HREF="../lburg"><code>lburg</code></a></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>code-generator generator source code</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a HREF="../doc"><code>doc</code></a></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>this document, man pages</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code><a HREF="../include">include</a>/*/*</code></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>include files</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a HREF="../tst"><code>tst</code></a></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>test suite</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code><a HREF="../alpha">alpha</a>/*/tst</code></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>ALPHA test outputs</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code><a HREF="../mips">mips</a>/*/tst</code></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>MIPS test outputs</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code><a HREF="../sparc">sparc</a>/*/tst</code></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>SPARC test outputs</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code><a HREF="../x86">x86</a>/*/tst</code></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>X86 test outputs</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p><code>doc/install.html</code> is the HTML file for this document. <a HREF="4.html"><code>doc/4.html</code></a>
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describes the internal differences between lcc 3.x and 4.1.</p>
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<p>The installation makefile is designed so that lcc can be installed from a read-only
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file system or directory, which is common in networked environments, so the distribution
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can be unloaded on a central file server. <strong>You will need an existing ANSI/ISO C
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compiler to build and install lcc.</strong></p>
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<h2><a NAME="unix">Installation on UNIX</a></h2>
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<p>The compilation components (the preprocessor, include files, and compiler proper, etc.)
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are installed in a single <em>build directory</em>. On multi-platform systems supported by
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a central file server, it's common to store the build directory in a location specific to
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the platform and to the version of lcc, and to point a symbolic link to this location. For
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example,</p>
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<blockquote>
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<pre>% ln -s /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<p>points <code>/usr/local/lib/lcc</code> to a build directory for lcc version 4.1 on the
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SPARC under Solaris. Links into <code>/usr/local/lib</code> are created for the programs <code>lcc</code>
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and <code>bprint</code>. Thus, a new distribution can be installed by building it in its
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own build directory and changing one symbolic link to point to that directory. If these
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conventions or their equivalents are followed, the host-specific parts of the driver
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program, <code>lcc</code>, can be used unmodified.</p>
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<p>Installation on a UNIX system involves the following steps. Below, the build directory
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is referred to as <code>BUILDDIR</code>.
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<ol>
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<li>Create the build directory, using a version- and platform-specific naming convention as
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suggested above, and record the name of this directory in the <code>BUILDDIR</code>
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environment variable:<blockquote>
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<pre>% setenv BUILDDIR /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris
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% mkdir -p $BUILDDIR</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Here and below, commands assume the C shell. Also, you'll need a version of <code>mkdir</code>
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that supports the <code>-p</code> option, which creates intermediate directories as
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necessary.</p>
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</li>
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<li>Copy the man pages to the repository for local man pages, e.g.,<blockquote>
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<pre>% cp doc/*.1 /usr/local/man/man1</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Some users copy the man pages to the build directory and create the appropriate
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symbolic links, e.g., </p>
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<blockquote>
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<pre>% cp doc/*.1 $BUILDDIR
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% ln -s $BUILDDIR/*.1 /usr/local/man/man1</pre>
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</blockquote>
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</li>
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<li>Platform-specific include files are in directories named <code>include/</code><em>target</em><code>/</code><em>os</em>.
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Create the include directory in the build directory, and copy the include hierarchy for
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your platform to this directory, e.g.,<blockquote>
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<pre>% mkdir $BUILDDIR/include
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% cp -p -R include/sparc/solaris/* $BUILDDIR/include</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Again, some users create a symbolic link to the appropriate directory in the
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distribution instead of copying the include files. For example, at Princeton, the
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distributions are stored under <code>/proj/pkg/lcc</code>, so the included files are
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"installed" by creating one symbolic link: </p>
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<blockquote>
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<pre>% ln -s /proj/pkg/lcc/4.1/include/sparc/solaris $BUILDDIR/include</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<p>If you're installing lcc on Linux, you <em>must</em> also plant a symbolic link named <code>gcc</code>
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to gcc's library directory, because lcc uses gcc's C preprocessor and most of gcc's header
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files:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<pre>% ln -s /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linux/2.7.2.2 $BUILDDIR/gcc</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<p>The library directory shown above may be different on your Linux machine; to determine
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the correct directory, browse <code>/usr/lib/gcc-lib</code>, or execute</p>
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<blockquote>
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<pre>% cc -v tst/8q.c</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<p>and examine the diagnostic output. Make sure that <code>$BUILDDIR/gcc/cpp</code> and <code>$BUILDDIR/gcc/include</code>
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point to, respectively, gcc's C preprocessor and header files. On Linux, lcc looks for
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include files in <code>$BUILDDIR/include</code>, <code>$BUILDDIR/gcc/include</code>, and <code>/usr/include</code>,
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in that order; see <a HREF="#driver"><em>Building the Driver</em></a> and <a
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href="../etc/linux.c"><code>etc/linux.c</code></a> for details.</p>
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</li>
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<li>The <a HREF="../makefile"><code>makefile</code></a> includes the file named by the <code>CUSTOM</code>
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macro; the default is <code>custom.mk</code>, and an empty <code>custom.mk</code> is
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included in the distribution. If desired, prepare a site-specification customization file
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and define <code>CUSTOM</code> to the path of that file when invoking make in steps 5 and
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6, e.g.,<blockquote>
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<pre>make CUSTOM=/users/drh/solaris.mk</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<p>You can, for example, use customization files to record site-specific values for macros
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instead of using environment variables, and to record targets for the steps in this list.</p>
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</li>
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<li>Build the host-specific driver, creating a custom host-specific part, if necessary. See <a
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HREF="#driver"><em>Building the Driver</em></a>.</li>
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<li>Build the preprocessor, compiler proper, library, and other accessories. See <a
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HREF="#rcc"><em>Building the Compiler</em></a>.</li>
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<li>Plant symbolic links to the build directory and to the installed programs, e.g.,<blockquote>
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<pre>% ln -s $BUILDDIR /usr/local/lib/lcc
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% ln -s /usr/local/lib/{lcc,bprint} /usr/local/bin</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Some users copy <code>bprint</code> and <code>lcc</code> into <code>/usr/local/bin</code>
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instead of creating symbolic links. The advantange of creating the links for <code>lcc</code>
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and <code>bprint</code> as shown is that, once established, they point indirectly to
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whatever <code>/usr/local/lib/lcc</code> points to; installing a new version of lcc, say,
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4.2, can be done by changing <code>/usr/local/lib/lcc</code> to point to the 4.2 build
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directory.</p>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<h2><a NAME="driver">Building the Driver</a></h2>
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<p>The preprocessor, compiler, assembler, and loader are invoked by a driver program, <code>lcc</code>,
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which is similar to <code>cc</code> on most systems. It's described in the man page <code>doc/lcc.1</code>.
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The driver is built by combining the host-independent part, <a href="../etc/lcc.c"><code>etc/lcc.c</code></a>,
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with a small host-specific part. Distributed host-specific parts are named <code>etc/</code><em>os</em><code>.c</code>,
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where <em>os</em> is the name of the operating system for the host on which <code>lcc</code>
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is being installed. If you're following the installations conventions described above, you
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can probably use one of the host-specific parts unmodified; otherwise, pick one that is
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closely related to your platform, copy it to <em>whatever</em><code>.c</code>, and edit it
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as described below. You should not have to edit <code>etc/lcc.c</code>.</p>
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<p>We'll use <a HREF="../etc/solaris.c"><code>etc/solaris.c</code></a> as an example in
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describing how the host-specific part works. This example illustrates all the important
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features. Make sure you have the environment variable <code>BUILDDIR</code> set correctly,
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and build the driver with a <code>make</code> command, e.g.,</p>
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<blockquote>
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<pre>% make HOSTFILE=etc/solaris.c lcc
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cc -g -c -DTEMPDIR=\"/tmp\" -o /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/lcc.o etc/lcc.c
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cc -g -c -o /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/host.o etc/solaris.c
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cc -g -o /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/lcc /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/lcc.o /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/host.o</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<p>The symbolic name <code>HOSTFILE</code> specifies the path to the host-specific part,
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either one in the distribution or <em>whatever</em><code>.c</code>. Some versions of make
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may require the <code>-e</code> option in order to read the environment.</p>
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<p>Here's <code>etc/solaris.c</code>:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<pre>/* Sparcs running Solaris 2.5.1 at CS Dept., Princeton University */
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#include <string.h>
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static char rcsid[] = "$ Id: solaris.c,v 1.10 1998/09/14 20:36:33 drh Exp $";
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#ifndef LCCDIR
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#define LCCDIR "/usr/local/lib/lcc/"
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#endif
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#ifndef SUNDIR
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#define SUNDIR "/opt/SUNWspro/SC4.2/lib/"
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#endif
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char *suffixes[] = { ".c", ".i", ".s", ".o", ".out", 0 };
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char inputs[256] = "";
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char *cpp[] = { LCCDIR "cpp",
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"-D__STDC__=1", "-Dsparc", "-D__sparc__", "-Dsun", "-D__sun__", "-Dunix",
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"$1", "$2", "$3", 0 };
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char *include[] = { "-I" LCCDIR "include", "-I/usr/local/include",
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"-I/usr/include", 0 };
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char *com[] = { LCCDIR "rcc", "-target=sparc/solaris",
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"$1", "$2", "$3", 0 };
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char *as[] = { "/usr/ccs/bin/as", "-Qy", "-s", "-o", "$3", "$1", "$2", 0 };
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char *ld[] = { "/usr/ccs/bin/ld", "-o", "$3", "$1",
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SUNDIR "crti.o", SUNDIR "crt1.o",
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SUNDIR "values-xa.o", "$2", "",
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"-Y", "P," SUNDIR ":/usr/ccs/lib:/usr/lib", "-Qy",
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"-L" LCCDIR, "-llcc", "-lm", "-lc", SUNDIR "crtn.o", 0 };
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extern char *concat(char *, char *);
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int option(char *arg) {
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if (strncmp(arg, "-lccdir=", 8) == 0) {
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cpp[0] = concat(&arg[8], "/cpp");
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include[0] = concat("-I", concat(&arg[8], "/include"));
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ld[12] = concat("-L", &arg[8]);
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com[0] = concat(&arg[8], "/rcc");
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} else if (strcmp(arg, "-p") == 0) {
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ld[5] = SUNDIR "mcrt1.o";
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ld[10] = "P," SUNDIR "libp:/usr/ccs/lib/libp:/usr/lib/libp:"
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SUNDIR ":/usr/ccs/lib:/usr/lib";
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} else if (strcmp(arg, "-b") == 0)
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;
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else if (strncmp(arg, "-ld=", 4) == 0)
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ld[0] = &arg[4];
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else
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return 0;
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return 1;
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}</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<p><code>LCCDIR</code> defaults to <code>"/usr/local/lib/lcc/"</code> unless
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it's defined by a <code>-D</code> option as part of <code>CFLAGS</code> in the make
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command, e.g.,</p>
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<blockquote>
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<pre>% make HOSTFILE=etc/solaris.c CFLAGS='-DLCCDIR=\"/v/lib/lcc/\"' lcc</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Note the trailing slash; <code>SUNDIR</code> is provided so you can use <code>etc/solaris.c</code>
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even if you have a different version of the Sun Pro compiler suite. If you're using the
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gcc compiler tools instead of the Sun Pro tools, see <a HREF="../etc/gcc-solaris.c"><code>etc/gcc-solaris.c</code></a>.</p>
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<p>Most of the host-specific code is platform-specific data and templates for the commands
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that invoke the preprocessor, compiler, assembler, and loader. The <code>suffixes</code>
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array lists the file name suffixes for C source files, preprocessed source files, assembly
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language source files, object files, and executable files. <code>suffixes</code> must be
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terminated with a null pointer, as shown above. The initialization of <code>suffixes</code>
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in <code><a HREF="../etc/solaris.c">etc/solaris.c</a></code> are the typical ones for UNIX
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systems. Each element of <code>suffixes</code> is actually a list of suffixes, separated
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by semicolons; <code><a HREF="../etc/win32.c">etc/win32.c</a></code> holds an example:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<pre>char *suffixes[] = { ".c;.C", ".i;.I", ".asm;.ASM;.s;.S", ".obj;.OBJ", ".exe", 0 };</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<p>When a list is given, the first suffix is used whenever lcc needs to generate a file
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name. For example, with <code><a HREF="../etc/win32.c">etc/win32.c</a></code>, lcc emits
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the generated assembly code into <code>.asm</code> files.</p>
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<p>The <code>inputs</code> array holds a null-terminated string of directories separated
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by colons or semicolons. These are used as the default value of <code>LCCINPUTS</code>, if
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the environment variable <code>LCCINPUTS</code> is not set; see the <a HREF="lcc.pdf">man
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page</a>.</p>
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<p>Each command template is an array of pointers to strings terminated with a null
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pointer; the strings are full path names of commands, arguments, or argument placeholders,
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which are described below. Commands are executed in a child process, and templates can
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contain multiple commands by separating commands with newlines. The driver runs each
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command in a new process.</p>
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<p>The <code>cpp</code> array gives the command for running lcc's preprocessor, <code>cpp</code>.
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Literal arguments specified in templates, e.g., <code>"-Dsparc"</code> in the <code>cpp</code>
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command above, are passed to the command as given.</p>
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<p>The strings <code>"$1"</code>, <code>"$2"</code>, and <code>"$3"</code>
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in templates are placeholders for <em>lists</em> of arguments that are substituted in a
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copy of the template before the command is executed. <code>$1</code> is replaced by the <em>options</em>
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specified by the user; for the preprocessor, this list always contains at least <code>-D__LCC__</code>.
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<code>$2</code> is replaced by the <em>input</em> files, and <code>$3</code> is replaced
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by the <em>output</em> file.</p>
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<p>Zero-length arguments after replacement are removed from the argument list before the
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command is invoked. So, for example, if the preprocessor is invoked without an output
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file, <code>"$3"</code> becomes <code>""</code>, which is removed from
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the final argument list.</p>
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<p>The <code>include</code> array is a list of <code>-I</code> options that specify which
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directives should be searched to satisfy include directives. These directories are
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searched in the order given. The first directory should be the one to which the ANSI
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header files were copied as described in <a HREF="#unix">UNIX</a> or <a HREF="#win32">Windows</a>
|
|
installation instructions. The driver adds these options to <code>cpp</code>'s arguments
|
|
when it invokes the preprocessor, except when <code>-N</code> is specified.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><code>com</code> gives the command for invoking the compiler. This template can appear
|
|
as shown above in a custom host-specific part, but the option <code>-target=sparc/solaris</code>
|
|
should be edited to the <em>target</em><code>/</code><em>os</em> for your platform. If <code>com[1]</code>
|
|
includes the string "<code>win32</code>", the driver assumes it's running on
|
|
Windows. lcc can generate code for <em>all</em> of the <em>target</em><code>/</code><em>os</em>
|
|
combinations listed in the file <code>src/bind.c</code>. The <code>-target</code> option
|
|
specifies the default combination. The driver's <code>-Wf</code> option can be used to
|
|
specify other combinations; the <a HREF="lcc.pdf">man page</a> elaborates.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><code>as</code> gives the command for invoking the assembler. On Linux, you must be
|
|
running at least version 2.8.1 of the GNU assembler; earlier versions mis-assemble some
|
|
instructions emitted by lcc.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><code>ld</code> gives the command for invoking the loader. For the other commands, the
|
|
list <code>$2</code> contains a single file; for <code>ld</code>, <code>$2</code> contains
|
|
all ".o" files and libraries, and <code>$3</code> is <code>a.out</code>, unless
|
|
the <code>-o</code> option is specified. As suggested in the code above, <code>ld</code>
|
|
must also specify the appropriate startup code and default libraries, including the lcc
|
|
library, <code>liblcc.a</code>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <code>option</code> function is described below; the minimal <code>option</code>
|
|
function just returns 0.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>You can test <code>lcc</code> with the options <code>-v -v</code> to display the
|
|
commands that would be executed, e.g.,</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>% $BUILDDIR/lcc -v -v foo.c baz.c mylib.a -lX11
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/lcc $ Id: solaris.c,v 1.10 1998/09/14 20:36:33 drh Exp $
|
|
foo.c:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc/cpp -D__STDC__=1 -Dsparc -D__sparc__ -Dsun -D__sun__ -Dunix -D__LCC__ -I/usr/local/lib/lcc/include -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include foo.c /tmp/lcc266290.i
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc/rcc -target=sparc/solaris -v /tmp/lcc266290.i /tmp/lcc266291.
|
|
s
|
|
/usr/ccs/bin/as -Qy -s -o /tmp/lcc266292.o /tmp/lcc266291.s
|
|
baz.c:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc/cpp -D__STDC__=1 -Dsparc -D__sparc__ -Dsun -D__sun__ -Dunix -D__LCC__ -I/usr/local/lib/lcc/include -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include baz.c /tmp/lcc266290.i
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc/rcc -target=sparc/solaris -v /tmp/lcc266290.i /tmp/lcc266291.s
|
|
/usr/ccs/bin/as -Qy -s -o /tmp/lcc266293.o /tmp/lcc266291.s
|
|
/usr/ccs/bin/ld -o a.out /opt/SUNWspro/SC4.2/lib/crti.o /opt/SUNWspro/SC4.2/lib/crt1.o /opt/SUNWspro/SC4.2/lib/values-xa.o /tmp/lcc266292.o /tmp/lcc266293.o mylib.a -lX11 -Y P,/opt/SUNWspro/SC4.2/lib/:/usr/ccs/lib:/usr/lib -Qy -L/usr/local/lib/lcc/ -llcc -lm -lc /opt/SUNWspro/SC4.2/lib/crtn.o
|
|
rm /tmp/lcc266293.o /tmp/lcc266290.i /tmp/lcc266291.s /tmp/lcc266292.o</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>As the output shows, <code>lcc</code> places temporary files in <code>/tmp</code>; if
|
|
any of the environment variables <code>TMP</code>, <code>TEMP</code>, and <code>TMPDIR</code>
|
|
are set, they override this default (in the order shown) as does the <code>-tempdir=</code><em>dir</em>
|
|
option. The default can be changed by defining <code>TEMPDIR</code> in <code>CFLAGS</code>
|
|
when building the driver.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <code>option</code> function is called for the options <code>-Wo</code>, <code>-g</code>,
|
|
<code>-p</code>, <code>-pg</code>, and <code>-b</code> because these compiler options
|
|
might also affect the loader's arguments. For these options, the driver calls <code>option(arg)</code>
|
|
to give the host-specific code an opportunity to edit the <code>ld</code> command, if
|
|
necessary. <code>option</code> can change <code>ld</code>, if necessary, and return 1 to
|
|
announce its acceptance of the option. If the option is unsupported, <code>option</code>
|
|
should return 0.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>For example, in response to <code>-g</code>, the <code>option</code> function shown
|
|
above accepts the option but does nothing else, because the <code>ld</code> and <code>as</code>
|
|
commands don't need to be modified on the SPARC. <code>-g</code> will also be added to the
|
|
compiler's options by the host-independent part of the driver. The <code>-p</code> causes <code>option</code>
|
|
to change the name of the startup code and changed the list of libraries. The <code>-b</code>
|
|
option turns on <code>lcc</code>'s per-expression profiling, the code for which is in <code>liblcc.a</code>,
|
|
so <code>option</code> need no nothing.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>On SPARCs, the driver also recognizes <code>-Bstatic</code> and <code>-Bdynamic</code>
|
|
as linker options. The driver recognizes but ignores "<code>-target</code> <em>name</em>"
|
|
option.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The option <code>-Wo</code><em>arg</em> causes the driver to pass <em>arg</em> to <code>option</code>.
|
|
Such options have no other effect; this mechanism is provided to support system-specific
|
|
options that affect the commands executed by the driver. As illustrated above,
|
|
host-specific parts should support the <code>-Wo-lccdir=</code><em>dir</em> option, which
|
|
causes lcc's compilation components to be found in <em>dir</em>, because this option is
|
|
used by the test scripts, and because the driver simulates a <code>-Wo-lccdir</code>
|
|
option with the value of the environment variable <code>LCCDIR</code>, if it's defined.
|
|
The code above rebuilds the paths to the include files, preprocessor, compiler, and
|
|
library by calling <code>concat</code>, which is defined in <code>etc/lcc.c</code>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2><a NAME="rcc">Building the Compiler and Accessories</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>To build the rest of compilation components make sure <code>BUILDDIR</code> is set
|
|
appropriately and type "<code>make all</code>". This command builds <code>librcc.a</code>
|
|
(the compiler's private library), <code>rcc</code> (the compiler proper), <code>lburg</code>
|
|
(the code-generator generator), <code>cpp</code> (the preprocessor), <code>liblcc.a</code>
|
|
(the runtime library), and <code>bprint</code> (the profile printer), all in <code>BUILDDIR</code>.
|
|
There may be warnings, but there should be no errors. If you're using an ANSI/ISO compiler
|
|
other than <code>cc</code>, specify its name with the <code>CC=</code> option, e.g.,
|
|
"<code>make CC=gcc all</code>". If you're running on a DEC ALPHA, use "<code>make
|
|
CC='cc -std1' all</code>"; the <code>-std1</code> option is essential on the ALPHA.
|
|
If you're on a DEC 5000 running Ultrix 4.3, use "<code>make CC=c89 all</code>".</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Once <code>rcc</code> is built with the host C compiler, run the test suite to verify
|
|
that <code>rcc</code> is working correctly. If any of the steps below fail, contact us
|
|
(see <a HREF="#bugs"><em>Reporting Bugs</em></a>). The commands in the makefile run the
|
|
shell script <code>src/run.sh</code> on each C program in the test suite, <code>tst/*.c</code>.
|
|
It uses the driver, <code>$BUILDDIR/lcc</code>, so you must have the driver in the build
|
|
directory before testing <code>rcc</code>. The <em>target</em><code>/</code><em>os</em>
|
|
combination is read from the variable <code>TARGET</code>, which must be specified when
|
|
invoking <code>make</code>:</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>% make TARGET=sparc/solaris test
|
|
mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/8q.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/array.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/cf.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/cq.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/cvt.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/fields.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/front.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/incr.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/init.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/limits.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/paranoia.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/sort.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/spill.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/stdarg.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/struct.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/switch.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/wf1.s:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc -target=sparc/solaris /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/sparc/solaris/tst/yacc.s:</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>Each line in the output above is of the form</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p><code>$BUILDDIR/rcc -target=</code><em>target</em><code>/</code><em>os</em><code>$BUILDDIR/</code><em>target</em><code>/</code><em>os</em><code>/</code><em>X</em><code>.s:</code></p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>where <em>X</em> is the base name of the C program <em>X</em><code>.c</code> in the
|
|
test suite. This output identifies the compiler and the target, e.g., "<code>$BUILDDIR/rcc</code>
|
|
is generating code for a <code>sparc</code> running the <code>solaris</code> operating
|
|
system."</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>For each program in the test suite, <code>src/run.sh</code> compiles the program, drops
|
|
the generated assembly language code in <code>BUILDDIR</code>/<em>target</em><code>/</code><em>os</em>,
|
|
and uses <code>diff</code> to compare the generated assembly code with the expected code
|
|
(the code expected for <code>tst/8q.c</code> on the SPARC under Solaris is in <code>sparc/solaris/tst/8q.sbk</code>,
|
|
etc.). If there are differences, the script executes the generated code with the input
|
|
given in <code>tst</code> (the input for <code>tst/8q.c</code> is in <code>tst/8q.0</code>,
|
|
etc.) and compares the output with the expected output (the expected output from <code>tst/8q.c</code>
|
|
on the SPARC under Solaris is in <code>sparc/solaris/tst/8q.1bk</code>, etc.). The script
|
|
also compares the diagnostics from the compiler with the expected diagnostics.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>On some systems, there may be a few differences between the generated code and the
|
|
expected code. These differences occur because the expected code is generated by cross
|
|
compilation and the least significant bits of some floating-point constants differ from
|
|
those bits in constants generated on your system. On Linux, there may be differences
|
|
because of differences in the header files between our system and yours. There should be
|
|
no differences in the output from executing the test programs.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Next, run the "triple test", which builds <code>rcc</code> using itself:</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>% make triple
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/lcc -o /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/1rcc -d0.6 -Wo-lccdir=/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris -B/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/ -Isrc src/*.c
|
|
src/alloc.c:
|
|
...
|
|
src/x86.c:
|
|
/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/lcc -o /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/1rcc -d0.6 -Wo-lccdir=/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris -B/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/ -Isrc src/*.c
|
|
src/alloc.c:
|
|
...
|
|
src/x86.c:
|
|
strip /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/[12]rcc
|
|
dd if=/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/1rcc of=/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc1 bs=512 skip=1
|
|
769+1 records in
|
|
769+1 records out
|
|
dd if=/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/2rcc of=/usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc2 bs=512 skip=1
|
|
769+1 records in
|
|
769+1 records out
|
|
if cmp /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc[12]; then \
|
|
mv /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/2rcc /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc; \
|
|
rm -f /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/1rcc /usr/local/lib/lcc-4.1/sparc-solaris/rcc[12]; fi</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>This command builds <code>rcc</code> twice; once using the <code>rcc</code> built by <code>cc</code>
|
|
and again using the <code>rcc</code> built by <code>lcc</code>. The resulting binaries are
|
|
compared. They should be identical, as shown at the end of the output above. If they
|
|
aren't, our compiler is generating incorrect code; <a HREF="#bugs">contact</a> us.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The final version of <code>rcc</code> should also pass the test suite; that is, the
|
|
output from</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>% make TARGET=sparc/solaris test</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>should be identical to that from the previous <code>make test</code>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The command "<code>make clean</code>" cleans up, but does not remove <code>rcc</code>,
|
|
etc., and "<code>make clobber</code>" cleans up and removes <code>lcc</code>, <code>rcc</code>,
|
|
and the other accessories. Test directories under <code>BUILDDIR</code> are <em>not</em>
|
|
removed; you'll need to remove these by hand, e.g.,</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>% rm -fr $BUILDDIR/sparc</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>The code generators for the other targets can be tested by specifying the desired <em>target</em><code>/</code><em>os</em>
|
|
and setting an environment variable that controls what <code>src/run.sh</code> does. For
|
|
example, to test the MIPS code generator, type</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>% setenv REMOTEHOST noexecute
|
|
% make TARGET=mips/irix test</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>As above, <code>src/run.sh</code> compares the MIPS code generated with what's
|
|
expected. There should be no differences. Setting <code>REMOTEHOST</code> to <code>noexecute</code>
|
|
suppresses the assembly and execution of the generated code. If you set <code>REMOTEHOST</code>
|
|
to the name of a MIPS machine to which you can <code>rlogin</code>, <code>src/run.sh</code>
|
|
will <code>rcp</code> the generated code to that machine and execute it there, if
|
|
necessary. See <code>src/run.sh</code> for the details.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>You can use lcc as a cross compiler. The options <code>-S</code> and <code>-Wf-target=</code><em>target/os</em>
|
|
generate assembly code for the specified target, which is any of those listed in the file <code>src/bind.c</code>.
|
|
For example, </p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>% lcc -Wf-target=mips/irix -S tst/8q.c</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>generates MIPS code for <code>tst/8q.c</code> in <code>8q.s</code>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>lcc can also generate code for a "symbolic" target. This target is used
|
|
routinely in front-end development, and its output is a printable representation of the
|
|
input program, e.g., the dags constructed by the front end are printed, and other
|
|
interface functions print their arguments. You can specify this target with the option <code>-Wf-target=symbolic</code>.
|
|
For example,</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>% lcc -Wf-target=symbolic -S tst/8q.c</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>generates symbolic output for <code>tst/8q.c</code> in <code>8q.s</code>. Adding <code>-Wf-html</code>
|
|
causes the symbolic target to emit HTML instead of plain text. Finally, the option <code>-Wf-target=null</code>
|
|
specifies the "null" target for which lcc emits nothing and thus only checks the
|
|
syntax and semantics of its input files.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2><a NAME="win32">Installation on Windows NT 4.0 or Windows 95/98</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>On Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 95/98, lcc is designed to work with Microsoft's Visual
|
|
C++ 5.0 (VC) and Microsoft's Assembler, MASM 6.11d. It uses the VC header files,
|
|
libraries, and command-line tools, and it uses MASM to assemble the code it generates. If
|
|
you have MASM 6.11, make sure you <a
|
|
HREF="http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q138/9/83.asp">upgrade to 6.11d</a>,
|
|
because earlier 6.11 releases do not generate correct COFF object files.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Building the distribution components from the ground up requires Microsoft's Visual
|
|
C/C++ 5.0 compiler, Microsoft's make, <code>nmake</code>, and the standard Windows command
|
|
interpreter. <a HREF="../makefile.nt"><code>makefile.nt</code></a> is written to use only <code>nmake</code>.
|
|
As on UNIX systems, the compilation components are installed in a single <em>build
|
|
directory</em>, and the top-level programs, <code>lcc.exe</code> and <code>bprint.exe</code>,
|
|
are installed in a directory on the PATH. If the conventions used below are followed, the
|
|
Windows-specific parts of the driver program, <code>lcc.exe</code>, can be used
|
|
unmodified.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Building from the source distribution on a Windows system involves the following steps.
|
|
Below, the build directory is referred to as <code>BUILDDIR</code>, and the distribution
|
|
is in <code>\dist\lcc\4.1</code>.
|
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>Create the build directory, perhaps using a version- and platform-specific naming
|
|
convention as suggested in <a HREF="#unix"><em>Installation on UNIX</em></a>, and record
|
|
the name of this directory in the <code>BUILDDIR</code> environment variable:<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1>set BUILDDIR=\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin
|
|
C:\dist\lcc\4.1>mkdir %BUILDDIR%</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
<p>The default build, or installation, directory is <code>\Program Files\lcc\4.1\bin</code>,
|
|
but the <code>nmake</code> commands require that you use the corresponding 8.3 file name, <code>progra~1</code>,
|
|
instead of <code>Program Files</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a HREF="../etc/win32.c"><code>etc\win32.c</code></a> is the Windows-specific part of
|
|
the driver. It assumes that environment variable <code>include</code> gives the locations
|
|
of the VC header files and that the linker (<code>link.exe</code>) and the assembler (<code>ml.exe</code>)
|
|
are on the PATH. It also assumes that the macro <code>LCCDIR</code> gives the build
|
|
directory. If necessary, revise a copy of <a HREF="../etc/win32.c"><code>etc\win32.c</code></a>
|
|
to reflect the conventions on your computer (see <a HREF="#driver"><em>Building the Driver</em></a>),
|
|
then build the driver, specifying the default temporary directory, if necessary:<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1>nmake -f makefile.nt TEMPDIR=\\temp HOSTFILE=etc/win32.c lcc
|
|
...
|
|
cl -nologo -Zi -MLd -Fd\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\ -c -DTEMPDIR=\"\\temp\" -Fo\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\lcc.obj etc/lcc.c
|
|
lcc.c
|
|
cl -nologo -Zi -MLd -Fd\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\ -c -Fo\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\host.obj etc/win32.c
|
|
win32.c
|
|
cl -nologo -Zi -MLd -Fd\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\ -Fe\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\lcc.exe \progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\lcc.obj \progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\host.obj</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
<p>If you make a copy of <code>etc\win32.c</code>, specify the path of the copy as the
|
|
value of <code>HOSTFILE</code>. For example, if you copy <code>etc\win32.c</code> to <code>BUILDDIR</code>
|
|
and edit it, use the command</p>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1>nmake -f makefile.nt TEMPDIR=\\temp HOSTFILE=%BUILDDIR%\win32.c lcc</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Build the preprocessor, compiler proper, library, and other accessories (see <a
|
|
HREF="#rcc"><em>Building the Compiler</em></a>):<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1>nmake -f makefile.nt all</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
<p>This command uses the VC command-line tools <code>cl</code> and <code>lib</code> to
|
|
build <code>bprint.exe</code>, <code>cpp.exe</code>, <code>lburg.exe</code>, <code>liblcc.lib</code>,
|
|
<code>librcc.lib</code>, and <code>rcc.exe</code>, all in <code>BUILDDIR</code>. There may
|
|
be some warnings, but there should be no warnings.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Create a test directory and run the test suite:<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1>mkdir %BUILDDIR%\x86\win32\tst
|
|
C:\dist\lcc\4.1>nmake -f makefile.nt test</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
<p>This command compiles each program in <a HREF="../tst">tst</a>, compares the generated
|
|
assembly code and diagnostics with the expected assembly code and diagnostics, executes
|
|
the program, and compares the output with the expected output (using <code>fc</code>). For
|
|
example, when the nmake command compiles <a HREF="../tst/8q.c"><code>tst\8q.c</code></a>,
|
|
it leaves the generated assembly code and diagnostic output in <code>%BUILDDIR%\x86\win32\tst\8q.s</code>
|
|
and <code>%BUILDDIR%\x86\win32\tst\8q.2</code>, and it compares them with the expected
|
|
results in <code>x86\win32\tst\8q.sbk</code>. It builds the executable program in <code>%BUILDDIR%\x86\win32\tst\8q.exe</code>,
|
|
runs it, and redirects the output to <code>%BUILDDIR%\x86\win32\tst\8q.1</code>, which it
|
|
compares with <code>x86\win32\tst\8q.1bk</code>. The output from this step is voluminous,
|
|
but there should be no differences and no errors.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Run the "triple" test, which compiles <code>rcc</code> with itself and
|
|
verifies the results:<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1>nmake -f makefile.nt triple
|
|
...
|
|
\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\x86.c:
|
|
Assembling: C:/TEMP/lcc2001.asm
|
|
fc /b \progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\1rcc.exe \progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\2rcc.exe
|
|
Comparing files \progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\1rcc.exe and \progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\2RCC.EXE
|
|
00000088: B4 D5</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
<p>This command builds <code>rcc</code> twice; once using the <code>rcc</code> built by VC
|
|
and again using the <code>rcc</code> built by <code>lcc</code>. The resulting binaries are
|
|
compared using <code>fc</code>. They should be identical, except for one or two bytes of
|
|
timestamp data, as shown at the end of the output above. If they aren't, our compiler is
|
|
generating incorrect code; <a HREF="#bugs">contact</a> us.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Copy <code>lcc.exe</code> and <code>bprint.exe</code> to a directory on your PATH, e.g.,<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1>copy %BUILDDIR%\lcc.exe \bin
|
|
1 file(s) copied.
|
|
|
|
C:\dist\lcc\4.1>copy %BUILDDIR%\bprint.exe \bin
|
|
1 file(s) copied.</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Finally, clean up:<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1>nmake -f makefile.nt clean</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
<p>This command removes the derived files in <code>BUILDDIR</code>, but does not remove <code>rcc.exe</code>,
|
|
etc.; "<code>nmake -f makefile.nt clobber</code>" cleans up and removes all
|
|
executables and libraries. Test directories under <code>BUILDDIR</code> are <em>not</em>
|
|
removed; you'll need to remove these by hand, e.g.,</p>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>C:\dist\lcc\4.1>rmdir %BUILDDIR%\x86 /s
|
|
\progra~1\lcc\4.1\bin\x86, Are you sure (Y/N)? y</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
<h2><a NAME="bugs">Reporting Bugs</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>lcc is a large, complex program. We find and repair errors routinely. If you think that
|
|
you've found a error, follow the steps below, which are adapted from the instructions in
|
|
Chapter 1 of <cite>A Retargetable C Compiler: Design and Implementation</cite>.
|
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>If you don't have a source file that displays the error, create one. Most errors are
|
|
exposed when programmers try to compile a program they think is valid, so you probably
|
|
have a demonstration program already.</li>
|
|
<li>Preprocess the source file and capture the preprocessor output. Discard the original
|
|
code.</li>
|
|
<li>Prune your source code until it can be pruned no more without sending the error into
|
|
hiding. We prune most error demonstrations to fewer than five lines.</li>
|
|
<li>Confirm that the source file displays the error with the <em>distributed</em> version of
|
|
lcc. If you've changed lcc and the error appears only in your version, then you'll have to
|
|
chase the error yourself, even if it turns out to be our fault, because we can't work on
|
|
your code.</li>
|
|
<li>Annotate your code with comments that explain why you think that lcc is wrong. If lcc
|
|
dies with an assertion failure, please tell us where it died. If lcc crashes, please
|
|
report the last part of the call chain if you can. If lcc is rejecting a program you think
|
|
is valid, please tell us why you think it's valid, and include supporting page numbers in
|
|
the ANSI Standard, Appendix A in <cite>The C Programming Language</cite>, or the
|
|
appropriate section in <cite>C: A Reference Manual</cite>, 4th edition by S. B. Harbison
|
|
and G. L. Steele, Jr. (Prentice Hall, 1995). If lcc silently generates incorrect code for
|
|
some construct, please include the corrupt assembly code in the comments and flag the
|
|
incorrect instructions if you can.</li>
|
|
<li>Confirm that your error hasn't been fixed already. The latest version of lcc is always
|
|
available for anonymous <code>ftp</code> from <code>ftp.cs.princeton.edu</code> in <a
|
|
HREF="ftp://ftp.cs.princeton.edu/pub/lcc"><code>pub/lcc</code></a>. A <a
|
|
HREF="ftp://ftp.cs.princeton.edu/pub/lcc/README"><code>README</code></a> file there gives
|
|
acquistion details, and the <a HREF="../LOG"><code>LOG</code></a> file reports what errors
|
|
were fixed and when they were fixed. If you report a error that's been fixed, you might
|
|
get a canned reply.</li>
|
|
<li>Send your program by electronic mail to <code>lcc-bugs@cs.princeton.edu</code>. Please
|
|
send only valid C programs; put all remarks in C comments so that we can process reports
|
|
semiautomatically.</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
<h2><a NAME="mailinglist">Keeping in Touch</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>There is an lcc mailing list for general information about lcc. To be added to the
|
|
list, send a message with the 1-line body</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>subscribe lcc</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>to <code>majordomo@cs.princeton.edu</code>. This line must appear in the message body;
|
|
"Subject:" lines are ignored. To learn more about mailing lists served by <code>majordomo</code>,
|
|
send a message with the 1-word body "<code>help</code>" to <code>majordomo@cs.princeton.edu</code>.
|
|
Mail sent to <code>lcc@cs.princeton.edu</code> is forwarded to everyone on the mailing
|
|
list.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>There is also an <code>lcc-bugs</code> mailing list for reporting bugs; subscribe to it
|
|
by sending a message with the 1-line body </p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>subscribe lcc-bugs</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>to <code>majordomo@cs.princeton.edu</code>. Mail addressed to <var>lcc-bugs@cs.princeton.edu</var>
|
|
is forwarded to everyone on this list.</p>
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
|
|
<address>
|
|
<a HREF="http://www.research.microsoft.com/~cwfraser/">Chris Fraser</a> / <a
|
|
HREF="mailto:cwfraser@microsoft.com">cwfraser@microsoft.com</a><br>
|
|
<a HREF="http://www.research.microsoft.com/~drh/">David Hanson</a> / <a
|
|
HREF="mailto:drh@microsoft.com">drh@microsoft.com</a><br>
|
|
$Revision: 145 $ $Date: 2001-10-17 16:53:10 -0500 (Wed, 17 Oct 2001) $
|
|
</address>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|