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179 lines
4.7 KiB
Groff
179 lines
4.7 KiB
Groff
.TH LBURG 1 "local \- 11/30/94"
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.\" $Id: lburg.1 145 2001-10-17 21:53:10Z timo $
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.SH NAME
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lburg \- lcc's code-generator generator
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B lburg
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[
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.I option
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]...
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[ [
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.I input
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]
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.I output
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]
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.br
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.PP
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.I lburg
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reads an lcc-style BURG specification from
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.I input
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and writes a pattern-matching code generator to
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.IR output .
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If
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.I input
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is `\-' or is omitted,
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.I lburg
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reads the standard input;
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If
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.I output
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is `\-' or is omitted,
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.I lburg
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writes to the standard output.
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.PP
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.I lburg
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accepts specifications that conform to the following EBNF grammar.
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Terminals are enclosed in single quotes or are
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given in uppercase, all other symbols are nonterminals or English phrases,
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{X} denotes zero or more instances of X, and [X] denotes an optional X.
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.PP
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.nf
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.RS
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.ft CW
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spec: `%{' configuration `%}' { dcl } `%%' { rule }
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[ `%%' C code ]
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dcl: `%start' nonterm
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`%term' { ID `=' INT }
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rule: nonterm `:' tree template [ C expression ]
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tree: term `(' tree `,' tree `)'
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term `(' tree `)'
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term
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nonterm
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nonterm: ID
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template: `"' { any character except double quote } `"'
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.RE
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.fi
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.PP
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Specifications are structurally similar to
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.IR yacc 's.
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Text between
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`\f(CW%{\fP'
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and
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`\f(CW%}\fP'
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is called the configuration section; there may be several such segments.
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All are concatenated and copied verbatim into the head of the output.
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Text after the second
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`\f(CW%%\fP',
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if any, is also copied verbatim into the output, at the end.
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.PP
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Specifications consist of declarations, a
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`\f(CW%%\fP'
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separator, and rules.
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Input is line-oriented; each declaration and rule must appear on a separate line,
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and declarations must begin in column 1.
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Declarations declare terminals \(em the operators in subject
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trees \(em and associate a unique, positive external symbol
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number with each one.
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Nonterminals are declared by their presence
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on the left side of rules. The
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\f(CW%start\fP
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declaration optionally declares a nonterminal as the start symbol.
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In the grammar above,
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\f(CWterm\fP
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and
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\f(CWnonterm\fP
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denote identifiers that are terminals and nonterminals.
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.PP
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Rules define tree patterns in a fully parenthesized prefix
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form. Every nonterminal denotes a tree.
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Each operator has a fixed
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arity, which is inferred from the rules in which it is used.
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A chain rule is a rule whose pattern is another nonterminal.
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If no start symbol is declared, the nonterminal defined by the first rule is used.
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.PP
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Each rule ends with an expression that computes the cost of matching
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that rule; omitted costs
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default to zero. Costs of chain rules must be constants.
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.PP
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The configuration section configures the output
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for the trees being parsed and the client's environment.
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As shown, this section must define
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\f(CWNODEPTR_TYPE\fP
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to be a visible typedef symbol for a pointer to a
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node in the subject tree.
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The labeller invokes
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\f(CWOP_LABEL(p)\fP,
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\f(CWLEFT\_CHILD(p)\fP, and
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\f(CWRIGHT\_CHILD(p)\fP
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to read the operator and children from the node pointed to by \f(CWp\fP.
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If the configuration section defines these operations as macros, they are implemented in-line;
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otherwise, they must be implemented as functions.
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.PP
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The matcher
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computes and stores a single integral state in each node of the subject tree.
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The configuration section must define a macro
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\f(CWSTATE_LABEL(p)\fP
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to access the state field of the node pointed to
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by \f(CWp\fP. It must be large enough to hold a pointer, and
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a macro is required because it is used as an lvalue.
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.PP
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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.BI \-p \ prefix
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.BI \-p prefix
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Use
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.I prefix
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as the disambiquating prefix for visible names and fields.
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The default is `\f(CW_\fP'.
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.TP
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.B \-T
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Arrange for
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft CW
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void _trace(NODEPTR_TYPE p, int eruleno,
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int cost, int bestcost);
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.sp
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.fi
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.ft R
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to be called at each successful match.
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\f(CWp\fP
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identifies the node and
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\f(CWeruleno\fP
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identifies the matching rule; the rules are numbered
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beginning at 1 in the order they appear in the input.
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\f(CWcost\fP
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is the cost of the match and
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\f(CWbestcost\fP
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is the cost of the best previous match. The current match
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wins only if
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\f(CWcost\fP
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is less than \f(CWbestcost\fP.
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32767 represents the infinite cost of no previous match.
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\f(CW_trace\fP must be declared in the configuration section.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.IR lcc (1)
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.PP
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C. W. Fraser and D. R. Hanson,
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.IR A Retargetable C Compiler: Design and Implementation ,
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Benjamin/Cummings, Redwood City, CA, 1995,
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ISBN 0-8053-1670-1. Chapter 14.
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.PP
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C. W. Fraser, D. R. Hanson and T. A. Proebsting,
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`Engineering a simple, efficient code generator generator,'
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.I
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ACM Letters on Programming Languages and Systems
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.BR 1 ,
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3 (Sep. 1992), 213-226.
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.br
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.SH BUGS
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Mail bug reports along with the shortest input
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that exposes them to drh@cs.princeton.edu.
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