606 lines
21 KiB
Groff
606 lines
21 KiB
Groff
.\" hey, Emacs: -*- nroff -*-
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.\" qfcc is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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.\" (at your option) any later version.
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.\"
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.\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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.\"
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.\" See the GNU General Public License for more details.
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.\"
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.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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.\" along with this program; see the file COPYING. If not, write to:
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.\"
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.\" Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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.\" 59 Temple Place, Suite 330
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.\" Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
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.\"
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.\" Some roff macros, for reference:
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.\" .nh disable hyphenation
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.\" .hy enable hyphenation
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.\" .ad l left justify
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.\" .ad b justify to both left and right margins (default)
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.\" .nf disable filling
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.\" .fi enable filling
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.\" .br insert line break
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.\" .sp <n> insert n+1 empty lines
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.\" for manpage-specific macros, see man(7)
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.\"
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.ds qfcc \fBqfcc\fP
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.ds cpp \fBcpp\fP
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.ds progs.src \fIprogs.src\fP
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.TH QFCC 1 "28 April, 2004" QuakeForge "QuakeForge Developer's Manual"
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.\" Please update the above date whenever this man page is modified.
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.SH NAME
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qfcc \- The QuakeForge Code Compiler
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B qfcc
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.RI [ options ]
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.RI [ files ]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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\*[qfcc] compiles Ruamoko source into a form that the QuakeForge engine can
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understand.
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.SH OPTIONS
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\*[qfcc] takes the following arguments:
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.TP
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.B \-\-advanced
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Use advanced Ruamoko features.
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This is the default when using separate compilation.
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.TP
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.B \-C, \-\-code OPTION,...
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Set code generation options.
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See \fBCODE GENERATION OPTIONS\fP for details.
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.TP
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.B \-c
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Only compile, do not link.
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Can be used in either \fBprogs.src\fP or separate compilation modes.
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.TP
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.B \-\-cpp CPPSPEC
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\*[cpp] execution command line.
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See \fBCPP NAME\fP for details.
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.TP
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.B \-D, \-\-define SYMBOL[=VAL]
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Define a symbol for the preprocessor, if it is in use.
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.TP
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.B \-E
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Only preprocess.
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No compilation or linking is done.
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.TP
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.B \-F, \-\-files
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Generate \fIfiles.dat\fP.
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This list is created by checking the parameters to the precache_* functions.
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.TP
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.B \-g
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Generate debugging info.
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Synonym for \fB\-\-code debug\fP.
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.TP
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.B \-h, \-\-help
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Show summary of options.
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.TP
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.B \-I DIR
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Add DIR to the list of directories for the preprocessor to search when looking
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for include files.
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.TP
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.B \-\-include FILE
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Process FILE as if \fB#include "FILE"\fP appeared as the first line of the
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primary source file.
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See the \*[cpp] man page (\fB\-include\fP) for details.
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.TP
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.B \-L DIR
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Add DIR to the search path used for finding libraries specified with \fB-l\fP.
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.TP
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.B \-l LIB
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Add libLIB.a to the list of libraries to be used for resolving undefined
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symbols.
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\*[qfcc] expects libraries to be \fBpak\fP files of \*[qfcc]
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object files built using the \fBpak\fP utility.
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.TP
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.B \-M, \-MD, \-MMD
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Generate dependency info.
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Dependent on \*[cpp] version, so check \*[cpp]'s documentation.
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.TP
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.B \-\-no\-default\-paths
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Do not use default paths for include files or libraries.
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.TP
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.B \-N, \-\-notice OPTION,...
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Set notice options.
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See \fBNOTICE OPTIONS\fP for details.
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.TP
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.B \-o, \-\-output\-file FILE
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Specify output file name.
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In \fBprogs.src\fP mode, this overrides the output file in \*[progs.src].
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.TP
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.B \-\-progdefs
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Generate \fIprogdefs.h\fP. Forces \fB\-\-code crc\fP.
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.TP
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.B \-P, \-\-progs\-src FILE
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File to use instead of \*[progs.src].
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No effect in separate compilation mode.
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.TP
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.B \-\-qccx\-escapes FILE
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Use QCCX escape sequences instead of standard C/QuakeForge sequences in
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strings. See \fBESCAPE SEQUENCES\fP for details.
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.TP
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.B \-p, \-\-strip\-path NUM
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Strip NUM leading path elements from file names.
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eg. -p 3 will strip the
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.I ../../../
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from
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.I ../../../src/foo.r
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when embedding the source file name in the output code.
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.TP
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.B \-q, \-\-quiet
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Inhibit some of \*[qfcc]'s normal output.
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Specifying this option multiple times further inhibits \*[qfcc]'s output.
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Counteracts the effects of \fB-v\fP.
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.TP
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.B \-r, \-\-relocatable
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Incremental linking.
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Generate a larger object file from other object files and libraries.
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.TP
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.B \-S, \-\-save\-temps
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Do not delete temporary files.
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.TP
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.B \-s, \-\-source DIR
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Look for \*[progs.src] in \fBDIR\fP instead of the current directory.
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.TP
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.B \-\-traditional
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Use traditional QuakeC syntax, semantics and \*(lqbugs\*(rq.
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Also implies the \fBv6only\fP, \fBno-short-circuit\fP and
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\fBno-local-merging\fP code generation options (see
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\fBCODE GENERATION OPTIONS\fP).
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This is the default when using \fBprogs.src\fP mode.
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.TP
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.B \-U, \-\-undefine SYMBOL
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Undefine a preprocessor symbol, if the preprocessor is in use.
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.TP
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.B \-V, \-\-version
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Show the version of \*[qfcc].
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.TP
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.B \-v, \-\-verbose
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Display more output than usual.
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Specifying this option multiple times further increases \*[qfcc]'s output.
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Counteracts the effects of \fB-q\fP.
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.TP
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.B \-W, \-\-warn OPTION,...
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Set warning options.
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See \fBWARNING OPTIONS\fP for details.
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.TP
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.B \-z
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Compress object files when writing them.
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This is especially useful when creating libraries, especially if using the
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object oriented features, but can be quite slow.
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This has no effect when creating \fBprogs.dat\fP.
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.SH "CODE GENERATION OPTIONS"
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Code generation options are processed in the order of their appearance on the
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command line.
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Unsupported options are ignored.
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The following options are supported by \*[qfcc]'s \fB\-\-code\fP argument:
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.TP
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.B cow
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Allow assignment to initialized globals.
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In Quake-C and Ruamoko, a global that has been initialized to a value is not
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a variable, but a named constant.
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However, \fBqcc\fP never really enforced this.
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The \fBcow\fP option allows \*[qfcc] to gracefully cope with QuakeC source
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that assigns values to initialized globals in this manner.
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(also known as \*(lqcopy on write\*(rq\(emnever mind the bovine connotations)
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.TP
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.B cpp
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Preprocess all input files with \*[cpp].
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This includes the \*[progs.src] file when used.
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.TP
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.B crc
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Write the CRC of \fBprogdefs.h\fP to \*(lqprogs.dat\*(rq. Default for v6 progs,
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otherwise defaults to off. However, \fB\-\-progdefs\fP has the effect of
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forcing this option.
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.TP
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.B debug
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Generate debug code for QuakeForge engines.
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The QuakeForge engine has the ability to load line number and other debugging
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information for use in diagnosing progs crashes.
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This option tells \*[qfcc] to generate this information.
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It is written to a secondary file with the extension \*(lqsym\*(rq\(emif your
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output file is \*(lqprogs.dat\*(rq, the symbol file will be
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\*(lqprogs.sym\*(rq.
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.TP
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.B fast\-float
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Use float values directly in \*(lqif\*(rq statements.
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Defaults to on.
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This option is always enabled when using version 6 progs (\fBv6only\fP is in
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effect).
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.TP
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.B local-merging
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Clump the local variables from all functions into one block of data the size
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of the largest group of locals, resulting in large savings of global data
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space.
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When off, each function's local variable block is separate from the others,
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preserving the behaviour of traditional \fBqcc\fP, but using much more global
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data.
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This can be a problem because instructions can access addresses up to 32767 in
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older servers or 65535 in most modern servers.
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Defaults to off for traditional mode, and on for advanced mode.
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.TP
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.B short\-circuit
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Generate short circuit code for logical operators (\fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP).
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For \fBA && B\fP, if \fBA\fP is false, the expression is known to be false and
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the code for \fBB\fP will not be executed.
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Similar for \fBA || B\fP, but if \fBA\fP is true, the expression is known to
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be true and the code for \fBB\fP will not be executed.
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Defaults to off for traditional mode, and on for advanced mode.
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.TP
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.B single-cpp
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In \fBprogs.src\fP mode, when \*[cpp] is used, produce an intermediate file
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that is a series of \fB#include\fP directives, one for each source file.
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This file is then passed to \*[cpp] and the resulting output is compiled in
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one go.
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This results in preprocessor directives in early files affecting later files,
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as would be expected in \fBprogs.src\fP mode.
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Without this option, each source file is independent with respect to the
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preprocessor.
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Has no effect in separate compilation mode.
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Defaults to on.
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.TP
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.B vector\-calls
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When a function is passed a constant vector, this causes the vector to be
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passed using three float copy instructions instead of one vector copy
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instruction.
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This can save a good number of pr_globals where those vectors contain many
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duplicate coordinates but do not match entirely.
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However, this will generate slower code for such calls.
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.TP
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.B vector\-components
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Create extra symbols for accessing the components of a vector variable or
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field. For example, \fBvector vel\fP will also create \fBvel_x\fP,
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\fBvel_y\fP, and \fBvel_z\fP. Defaults to on for traditional code and off
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for advanced.
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.TP
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.B v6only
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Restrict the compiler to only version 6 progs (original Quake/QuakeWorld)
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features.
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This means that the compiled data file should be able to run on older servers,
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as long as you have not used any QuakeForge-specific built-in functions.
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Also disables compiler features (such as integers and string manipulation
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support) that require extensions.
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Defaults to on for traditional mode and off for advanced mode.
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.PP
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Any of the above can be prefixed with \fBno\-\fP to negate its meaning.
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.SH "WARNING OPTIONS"
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Warning options are processed in the order of their appearance on the command
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line.
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Unsupported options are ignored.
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The following options are supported by \*[qfcc]'s \fB\-\-warn\fP argument:
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.TP
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.B cow
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Emit a warning when the source assigns a value to a named constant.
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See the description of the \fBcow\fP code generation option above for a
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description of what this means.
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.TP
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.B error
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Promote warnings to errors.
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.TP
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.B executable
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Emit a warning when non-executable statements (eg, \fB==\fP used for
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assignment) are encountered.
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.TP
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.B initializer
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Emit a warning when too many structure/array initializer elements are given.
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.TP
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.B integer-divide
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Emit a warning when both constants in a division operation are integers.
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.TP
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.B interface\-check
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Emit a warning when a method is declared in an implementation but not in the
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interface for a class.
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.TP
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.B precedence
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Emit a warning when potentially ambiguous logic is used without parentheses.
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.TP
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.B redeclared
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Emit a warning when a local variable is redeclared.
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.TP
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.B traditional
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Emit a warning when code that should be an error is allowed by traditional
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\fBqcc\fP.
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Has effect only in traditional mode.
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.TP
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.B undef\-function
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Emit a warning when a function is called, but has not yet been defined.
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.TP
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.B unimplemented
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Emit a warning when a class method has not been implemented.
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.TP
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.B unused
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Emit a warning for unused local variables.
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.TP
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.B uninited\-var
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Emit a warning when a variable is read from that has not been initialized to a
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value.
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.TP
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.B vararg\-integer
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Emit a warning when a function that takes a variable number of arguments is
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passed a constant of an integer type.
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.PP
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Any of the above can be prefixed with \fBno\-\fP to negate its meaning.
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There are also two special options:
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.TP
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.B all
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Turns on all warning options except \fBerror\fP.
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.TP
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.B none
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Turns off all warning options except \fBerror\fP.
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.SH "NOTICE OPTIONS"
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Notices are used to flag code constructs that may have changed semantics but
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shouldn't be treated as warnings.
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They are also used for internal debugging purposes, so if you see any cryptic
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notices, please report them as a bug (normal notices should be fairly
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self-explanatory).
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.TP
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.B none
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Silences all notice messages.
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.TP
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.B warn
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Promote notices to warnings.
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If warnings are being treated as errors, so will notices.
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Disabling warnings has no effect on this option.
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.SH "CPP NAME"
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When preprocessing source files, \*[qfcc] calls \*[cpp] (the C
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preprocessor) with a configurable command line.
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This is useful when you wish to use an alternative preprocessor (though it
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must be command line compatible with \*[cpp]) or when \*[qfcc] has been
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misconfigured to call \*[cpp] incorrectly for your operating system.
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If the latter is the case, please report the details (operating system,
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detection methods, correct execution specification).
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The base default execution spec (on most Linux systems) is
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\fBcpp %d -o %o %i\fP.
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This spec is similar in concept to a \fBprintf\fP string.
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The name of the program may be either absolute (eg \fB/lib/cpp\fP) or relative
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as the \fBPATH\fP will be searched.
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Available substitutions:
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.TP
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.B %d
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Mainly for defines (\-D, \-U and \-I) but \fB%d\fP will be replaced by all
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\*[cpp] options that \*[qfcc] passes to \*[cpp]
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.TP
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.B %o
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This will be replaced by the output file path.
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Could be either absolute or relative, depending on whether \*[qfcc] is
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deleting temporary files or not.
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.TP
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.B %i
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This will be replaced by the input file path.
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Generally as given to \*[qfcc].
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.SH "COMPILATION MODES"
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\*[qfcc] has two, mutually exclusive, modes of operation: \fBprogs.src\fP
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mode and \*(lqseparate compilation\*(rq mode.
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.SS "progs.src mode"
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This is the traditional method of compiling QuakeC programs.
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It is selected when no file arguments are given to \*[qfcc].
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Note that the \fB-lLIB\fP option is considered to be a file argument.
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.P
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In this mode, the file \*[progs.src] is used to specify the output file name
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and the input source files.
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While it is customary to write each file name on a separate line, file names
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are really just white-space separated strings (use double quotes around files
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with spaces, though using files with spaces is a gibbing offence).
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\fB//\fP is used to denote a comment.
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The comment extends to the end of the current line.
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The first file name in the file specified the output file name.
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This may be overridden using the \fB-o\fP option.
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All subsequent file names specify QuakeC source files.
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.P
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The source files are cumulatively compiled in the order they are listed in
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\*[progs.src].
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Cumulatively compiled means that all symbols other than frame macros defined in
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earlier source files are visible in later source files.
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Once the all source files have been compiled, the finished program is written
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to the output file as a normal \fIprogs.dat\fP file.
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.P
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If the \fB-c\fP option is given, instead of a \fIprogs.dat\fP file, an object
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file is written.
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This object file can then be linked against other object files
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to produce the \fIprogs.dat\fP file.
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This is useful when mod extensions are in library form and converting the main
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mod from \fBprogs.src\fP style to separate compilation is undesirable.
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.P
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\fBprogs.src\fP mode implies \fB--traditional\fP.
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However, this can be overridden using \fB--advanced\fP.
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.P
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When \*[cpp] has not been disabled, \*[progs.src] is first passed through
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\*[cpp].
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The result is then parsed as above, but unless the \fBno-single-cpp\fP code
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option has been given, rather than compiling each source file, an intermediate
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file is generated containing a series of frame macro reset and \fB#include\fP
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directives, one for each file.
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This intermediate file is then passed to \*[cpp] and the resulting single file
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containing all of the preprocessed source code is then compiled.
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.SS "\*(lqseparate compilation\*(rq mode"
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This mode is more generally useful.
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It is particularly well suited to building object libraries for use in other
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programs.
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Separate compilation mode is automatically selected when any file arguments
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(including \fB-lLIB\fP) are given on the command line.
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.P
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Each file argument is processed in the order given.
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Files ending in \fI.r\fP, \fI.qc\fP, or \fI.c\fP (part of an experimental
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hack to put qfcc support into automake) are treated as sources and compiled
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to object file.
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All other files (including \fB-lLIB\fP) are passed untouched to the linker
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unless the \fB-c\fP is given.
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If \fB-c\fP is given, then object files are ignored and the linking stage will
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be skipped.
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Each source file is fully independent of the others.
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When linking (\fB-c\fP has not been given), any generated object files will be
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deleted unless \fB-S\fP is on the command line.
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However, no object file given on the command line will be deleted.
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.P
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When linking, if the \fB-r\fP option is given, instead of the output file being
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a normal progs file, it will be an object file that can be linked against other
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object files.
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.P
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While separate compilation mode implies \fB--advanced\fP, this can be
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overridden using \fB--traditional\fP.
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.P
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When using \*[cpp], each source file is passed through the preprocessor
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individually.
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Each file is truly independent of any other file on the command line.
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.SH "ESCAPE SEQUENCES"
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\*[qfcc] supports a variety of string escape sequences. This includes those of
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\fBqcc\fP (which are a subset of those in standard C), standard C and
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|
\fBqccx\fP. There are some conflicts between the escape sequences, but
|
|
\fB\-\-qccx\-escapes\fP selects which set to use.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rs\(rs
|
|
Backslash.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rsn
|
|
Line feed.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rs"
|
|
Double quote.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rs\'
|
|
Single quote.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rs0-7
|
|
Octal character code, up to three digits. This conflicts with \fBqccx\fP. In
|
|
\fBqccx\fP, this produces gold digits. Use \fB\-\-qccx\-escapes\fP to select
|
|
\fBqccx\fP behaviour.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rs8-9
|
|
Produce gold digits.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rsx0-9A-Fa-f
|
|
Hexadecimal character code, any number of digits, but only the least
|
|
significant byte will be used.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rsa
|
|
Bell character (not in quake engines). Equivalent to \(rsx07.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rsb
|
|
Backspace character (not in quake engines). Equivalent to \(rsx08. This
|
|
conflicts with \fBqccx\fP. In \fBqccx\fP, this toggles bronze characters. Use
|
|
\fB\-\-qccx\-escapes\fP to select \fBqccx\fP behaviour.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rse
|
|
Escape character (not in quake engines). Equivalent to \(rsx1b (dull 9).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rsf
|
|
Formfeed character (not in quake engines). Equivalent to \(rsx0c.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rsr
|
|
Carriage return. Equivalent to \(rsx0d.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rst
|
|
Tab character. Equivalent to \(rsx09.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rsv
|
|
Vertical tab. Equivalent to \(rsx0b.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rs^
|
|
Make the next character "bold" (add 0x80).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rs[
|
|
Gold [ character. Equivalent to \(rsx90.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rs]
|
|
Gold ] character. Equivalent to \(rsx91.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rs.
|
|
Center dot. Equivalent to \(rsx1c.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rs<
|
|
Turn on "bold" characters (add 0x80). This conflicts with \fBqccx\fP. In
|
|
\fBqccx\fP, this produces the brown left end. Equivalent to \(rsx1d. Use
|
|
\fB\-\-qccx\-escapes\fP to select \fBqccx\fP behaviour.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rs\-
|
|
Brown center bit. Equivalent to \(rsx1e.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rs>
|
|
Turn off "bold" characters (add 0x80). This conflicts with \fBqccx\fP. In
|
|
\fBqccx\fP, this produces the brown right end. Equivalent to \(rsx1f. Use
|
|
\fB\-\-qccx\-escapes\fP to select \fBqccx\fP behaviour.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rs(
|
|
Left slider end. Equivalent to \(rsx80.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rs=
|
|
Slider center. Equivalent to \(rsx81.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rs)
|
|
Right slider end. Equivalent to \(rsx82.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \(rs{0-255}
|
|
Decimal character code.
|
|
.P
|
|
\fB\-\-qccx\-escapes\fP has no effect on sequences that do not conflict.
|
|
.SH TRADITIONAL VS ADVANCED
|
|
Compared to \fBqcc\fP, \*[qfcc] has many advanced features and is much stricter
|
|
about type checking.
|
|
\*[qfcc] also uses the same operator semantics and precedence rules as
|
|
standard \fBC\fP.
|
|
Unfortunately, this means that most older QuakeC code will not compile, or even
|
|
worse, will compile incorrectly.
|
|
.P
|
|
To address this situation, \*[qfcc] has a \*(lqtraditional\*(rq mode for
|
|
compiling old progs.
|
|
This mode, enabled with \fB--traditional\fP or by default in \fBprogs.src\fP
|
|
mode, removes the new keywords required by \*[qfcc]'s advanced features,
|
|
converts new errors to warnings, some warnings to notices and inverts
|
|
precedence order where required (eg, (!var & flag)).
|
|
Traditional mode also affects several code generation options (as always, this
|
|
can be overridden):
|
|
.IP \(bu 4
|
|
code output is restricted to version 6 progs instructions
|
|
.IP \(bu 4
|
|
short circuit boolean logic is disabled
|
|
.IP \(bu 4
|
|
each function has a private area of data for its local variables (this wastes
|
|
a lot of data space).
|
|
.P
|
|
Advanced mode is simply \*[qfcc] in its natural state.
|
|
Using \fB--advanced\fP, \*[qfcc] can be put in to advanced mode while using the
|
|
\fBprogs.src\fP compilation mode.
|
|
.SH "FAQ"
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B Where did the name Ruamoko come from?
|
|
In Maori mythology, Ruamoko is the youngest child of Ranginui, the
|
|
Sky-father, and Papatuanuku, the Earth-mother.
|
|
Ruamoko is the god of volcanoes and earthquakes.
|
|
For more information, see the Web site at <\fBhttp://maori.com/kmst1.htm\fP>.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B qfcc hangs
|
|
This is almost always caused by qfcc incorrectly invoking \*[cpp].
|
|
Using the \fB--cpp\fP option (refer to the \fBCPP NAME\fP section above), the
|
|
correct method for invoking \*[cpp] can be specified.
|
|
Once you have found this, please send the correct \*[cpp] command line,
|
|
preferably along with the output of \fBconfig.guess\fP, to the team.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B qfcc is singing a bad 80s rap song to me. What's going on?
|
|
\*(lqice ice baby\*(rq is QuakeForge-speak for \*(lqInternal Compiler
|
|
Error\*(rq.
|
|
It usually means there's a bug in \*[qfcc], so please report it to the team.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B qfcc is mooing at me. What's wrong with you people?
|
|
The compiler doesn't like being treated like a slab of beef.
|
|
Seriously, the code you are trying to compile is using constants as if they
|
|
weren't.
|
|
Normally, qfcc would just stop and tell the code to sit in the corner for a
|
|
while, but you told it not to do that by passing the \fBcow\fP option to
|
|
\fB\-\-code\fP, so it has its revenge by mooing out a warning.
|
|
Or something like that.
|
|
To disable the warning, pass \fBno-cow\fP to \fB\-\-warn\fP.
|
|
.SH "FILES"
|
|
.I progs.src
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.BR quakeforge (1),
|
|
.BR pak (1)
|
|
.SH AUTHORS
|
|
The original \fBqcc\fP program, for compiling the QuakeC language, was written
|
|
by Id Software, Inc.
|
|
The members of the QuakeForge Project have modified it to work with a new,
|
|
but very similar language called \fBRuamoko\fP.
|