diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/actors.cpp b/source/games/duke/src/actors.cpp
index 390820a4d..173d08dd2 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/actors.cpp
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/actors.cpp
@@ -4484,7 +4484,7 @@ void handle_se27(DDukeActor* actor)
 	{
 		if (t[0] < 0)
 		{
-			ud.camerasprite = actor->GetIndex();
+			ud.cameraactor = actor;
 			t[0]++;
 		}
 		else if (ud.recstat == 2 && ps[p].newowner == -1)
@@ -4493,7 +4493,7 @@ void handle_se27(DDukeActor* actor)
 			{
 				if (x < (unsigned)sh)
 				{
-					ud.camerasprite = actor->GetIndex();
+					ud.cameraactor = actor;
 					t[0] = 999;
 					s->ang += getincangle(s->ang, getangle(ps[p].posx - s->x, ps[p].posy - s->y)) >> 3;
 					s->yvel = 100 + ((s->z - ps[p].posz) / 257);
@@ -4501,10 +4501,10 @@ void handle_se27(DDukeActor* actor)
 				}
 				else if (t[0] == 999)
 				{
-					if (ud.camerasprite == actor->GetIndex())
+					if (ud.cameraactor == actor)
 						t[0] = 0;
 					else t[0] = -10;
-					ud.camerasprite = actor->GetIndex();
+					ud.cameraactor = actor;
 
 				}
 			}
@@ -4514,10 +4514,10 @@ void handle_se27(DDukeActor* actor)
 
 				if (t[0] == 999)
 				{
-					if (ud.camerasprite == actor->GetIndex())
+					if (ud.cameraactor == actor)
 						t[0] = 0;
 					else t[0] = -20;
-					ud.camerasprite = actor->GetIndex();
+					ud.cameraactor = actor;
 				}
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/animatesprites_d.cpp b/source/games/duke/src/animatesprites_d.cpp
index ae7cadd48..ca2f7769d 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/animatesprites_d.cpp
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/animatesprites_d.cpp
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ void animatesprites_d(int x, int y, int a, int smoothratio)
 				t1 = ScriptCode[actorinfo[APLAYER].scriptaddress + 2];
 			}
 
-			if (ud.camerasprite == -1 && ps[p].newowner == -1)
+			if (ud.cameraactor == nullptr && ps[p].newowner == -1)
 				if (s->owner >= 0 && display_mirror == 0 && ps[p].over_shoulder_on == 0)
 					if (ud.multimode < 2 || (ud.multimode > 1 && p == screenpeek))
 					{
@@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ void animatesprites_d(int x, int y, int a, int smoothratio)
 			if (Owner && Owner->statnum < MAXSTATUS)
 			{
 				if (Owner->picnum == APLAYER)
-					if (ud.camerasprite == -1)
+					if (ud.cameraactor == nullptr)
 						if (screenpeek == Owner->yvel && display_mirror == 0)
 						{
 							t->owner = -1;
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/animatesprites_r.cpp b/source/games/duke/src/animatesprites_r.cpp
index 43a77664c..c484bc69e 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/animatesprites_r.cpp
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/animatesprites_r.cpp
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ void animatesprites_r(int x, int y, int a, int smoothratio)
 				t1 = ScriptCode[actorinfo[APLAYER].scriptaddress + 2];
 			}
 
-			if (ud.camerasprite == -1 && ps[p].newowner == -1)
+			if (ud.cameraactor == nullptr && ps[p].newowner == -1)
 				if (s->owner >= 0 && display_mirror == 0 && ps[p].over_shoulder_on == 0)
 					if (ud.multimode < 2 || (ud.multimode > 1 && p == screenpeek))
 					{
@@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ void animatesprites_r(int x, int y, int a, int smoothratio)
 			if (Owner && Owner->statnum < MAXSTATUS)
 			{
 				if (Owner->picnum == APLAYER)
-					if (ud.camerasprite == -1)
+					if (ud.cameraactor == nullptr)
 						if (screenpeek == Owner->yvel && display_mirror == 0)
 						{
 							t->owner = -1;
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/game.cpp b/source/games/duke/src/game.cpp
index 08a282fff..ea3b5efdd 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/game.cpp
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/game.cpp
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ void GameInterface::app_init()
 	ud.multimode = 1;
 	ud.m_monsters_off = userConfig.nomonsters;
 	ps[0].aim_mode = 1;
-	ud.camerasprite = -1;
+	ud.cameraactor = nullptr;
 
 	if (fileSystem.FileExists("DUKESW.BIN"))
 		g_gameType |= GAMEFLAG_SHAREWARE;
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/game_misc.cpp b/source/games/duke/src/game_misc.cpp
index 1cec095cb..48344b543 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/game_misc.cpp
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/game_misc.cpp
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ void drawoverlays(double smoothratio)
 
 	MarkSectorSeen(pp->cursectnum);
 
-	if (ud.camerasprite == -1)
+	if (ud.cameraactor == nullptr)
 	{
 		if (automapMode != am_full)
 		{
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ void drawoverlays(double smoothratio)
 
 	StatusBar->UpdateStatusBar();
 
-	if (ps[myconnectindex].newowner == -1 && ud.camerasprite == -1)
+	if (ps[myconnectindex].newowner == -1 && ud.cameraactor == nullptr)
 	{
 		DrawCrosshair(TILE_CROSSHAIR, ps[screenpeek].last_extra, -getHalfLookAng(pp->angle.olook_ang.asq16(), pp->angle.look_ang.asq16(), cl_syncinput, smoothratio), pp->over_shoulder_on ? 2.5 : 0, isRR() ? 0.5 : 1);
 	}
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/gameexec.cpp b/source/games/duke/src/gameexec.cpp
index b9c833fa5..320e7b814 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/gameexec.cpp
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/gameexec.cpp
@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ static void DoUserDef(bool bSet, int lVar1, int lLabelID, int lVar2, DDukeActor*
 		break;
 
 	case USERDEFS_CAMERASPRITE:
-		if (bSet) ud.camerasprite = lValue;
-		else SetGameVarID((int)lVar2, ud.camerasprite, sActor, sPlayer);
+		if (bSet) ud.cameraactor = ScriptIndexToActor(lValue);
+		else SetGameVarID((int)lVar2, ActorToScriptIndex(ud.cameraactor), sActor, sPlayer);
 		break;
 
 	case USERDEFS_LAST_CAMSPRITE:
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/gameloop.cpp b/source/games/duke/src/gameloop.cpp
index 5f460686b..d3e625825 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/gameloop.cpp
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/gameloop.cpp
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ void GameInterface::Ticker()
 	{
 		if (earthquaketime > 0) earthquaketime--;
 
-		ud.camerasprite = -1;
+		ud.cameraactor = nullptr;
 		everyothertime++;
 
 		global_random = krand();
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/hudweapon_d.cpp b/source/games/duke/src/hudweapon_d.cpp
index 090a25efc..0b8b887db 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/hudweapon_d.cpp
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/hudweapon_d.cpp
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ void displayweapon_d(int snum, double smoothratio)
 	gs = p->GetActor()->s.shade;
 	if(gs > 24) gs = 24;
 
-	bool playerVars  = p->newowner >= 0 || ud.camerasprite >= 0 || p->over_shoulder_on > 0 || (p->GetActor()->s.pal != 1 && p->GetActor()->s.extra <= 0);
+	bool playerVars  = p->newowner >= 0 || ud.cameraactor != nullptr || p->over_shoulder_on > 0 || (p->GetActor()->s.pal != 1 && p->GetActor()->s.extra <= 0);
 	bool playerAnims = animatefist(gs,snum,look_anghalf) || animateknuckles(gs,snum,hard_landing,look_anghalf,horiz16th) ||
 					   animatetip(gs,snum,hard_landing,look_anghalf,horiz16th) || animateaccess(gs,snum,hard_landing,look_anghalf,horiz16th);
 
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/hudweapon_r.cpp b/source/games/duke/src/hudweapon_r.cpp
index 83f4a09b3..b617f0873 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/hudweapon_r.cpp
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/hudweapon_r.cpp
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ void displayweapon_r(int snum, double smoothratio)
 		gs = p->GetActor()->s.shade;
 	if(gs > 24) gs = 24;
 
-	if(p->newowner >= 0 || ud.camerasprite >= 0 || p->over_shoulder_on > 0 || (p->GetActor()->s.pal != 1 && p->GetActor()->s.extra <= 0))
+	if(p->newowner >= 0 || ud.cameraactor != nullptr || p->over_shoulder_on > 0 || (p->GetActor()->s.pal != 1 && p->GetActor()->s.extra <= 0))
 		return;
 
 	int opos = p->oweapon_pos * p->oweapon_pos;
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/inlines.h b/source/games/duke/src/inlines.h
index 961866535..38340035c 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/inlines.h
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/inlines.h
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ inline int bossguy(spritetype const* const pSprite)
 
 inline int actorflag(DDukeActor * actor, int mask)
 {
-	return (((actorinfo[actor->s.picnum].flags/* ^ hittype[spritenum].flags*/) & mask) != 0);
+	return (((actorinfo[actor->s.picnum].flags) & mask) != 0);
 }
 
 inline int actorfella(DDukeActor* actor)
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ inline void settileflag(int flag, const std::initializer_list<short>& types)
 	}
 }
 
-inline bool wallswitchcheck(int s)
+inline bool wallswitchcheck(DDukeActor* s)
 {
-	return !!(tileinfo[sprite[s].picnum].flags & TFLAG_WALLSWITCH);
+	return !!(tileinfo[s->s.picnum].flags & TFLAG_WALLSWITCH);
 }
 
 inline int checkcursectnums(int se)
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/premap.cpp b/source/games/duke/src/premap.cpp
index 5c729aa70..2f8cbe692 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/premap.cpp
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/premap.cpp
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ void resetprestat(int snum,int g)
     parallaxtype            = 0;
     randomseed              = 17L;
     paused             = 0;
-    ud.camerasprite         =-1;
+    ud.cameraactor =nullptr;
     tempwallptr             = 0;
     camsprite               =-1;
     earthquaketime          = 0;
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/premap_r.cpp b/source/games/duke/src/premap_r.cpp
index 5db3fdea7..196d6d052 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/premap_r.cpp
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/premap_r.cpp
@@ -536,10 +536,11 @@ void prelevel_r(int g)
 					speed = sj->hitag;
 					for (ii = 0; ii < MAXSPRITES; ii++)
 					{
-						if (sprite[ii].picnum == RRTILE66)
-							if (sprite[ii].lotag == sj->sectnum)
+						auto spr = &sprite[ii];
+						if (spr->picnum == RRTILE66)
+							if (spr->lotag == sj->sectnum)
 							{
-								childsectnum = sprite[ii].sectnum;
+								childsectnum = spr->sectnum;
 								deletesprite(ii);
 							}
 					}
@@ -728,11 +729,11 @@ void prelevel_r(int g)
 				if (lotaglist > 64)
 					I_Error("Too many switches (64 max).");
 
-				StatIterator it1(STAT_EFFECTOR);
-				while ((j = it1.NextIndex()) >= 0)
+				DukeStatIterator it1(STAT_EFFECTOR);
+				while (auto j = it1.Next())
 				{
-					if (sprite[j].lotag == 12 && sprite[j].hitag == spr->lotag)
-						hittype[j].temp_data[0] = 1;
+					if (j->s.lotag == 12 && j->s.hitag == spr->lotag)
+						j->temp_data[0] = 1;
 				}
 			}
 			break;
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/render.cpp b/source/games/duke/src/render.cpp
index 8e76837b8..287e9b0e3 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/render.cpp
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/render.cpp
@@ -518,16 +518,16 @@ void displayrooms(int snum, double smoothratio)
 	// The camera texture must be rendered with the base palette, so this is the only place where the current global palette can be set.
 	// The setting here will be carried over to the rendering of the weapon sprites, but other 2D content will always default to the main palette.
 	setgamepalette(p->palette);
-	if (ud.camerasprite >= 0)
+	if (ud.cameraactor)
 	{
 		spritetype* s;
 
-		s = &sprite[ud.camerasprite];
+		s = &ud.cameraactor->s;
 
 		if (s->yvel < 0) s->yvel = -100;
 		else if (s->yvel > 199) s->yvel = 300;
 
-		cang = buildang(hittype[ud.camerasprite].tempang + xs_CRoundToInt(fmulscale16(((s->ang + 1024 - hittype[ud.camerasprite].tempang) & 2047) - 1024, smoothratio)));
+		cang = buildang(ud.cameraactor->tempang + xs_CRoundToInt(fmulscale16(((s->ang + 1024 - ud.cameraactor->tempang) & 2047) - 1024, smoothratio)));
 
 		auto bh = buildhoriz(s->yvel);
 		se40code(s->x, s->y, s->z, cang, bh, smoothratio);
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/sectors_d.cpp b/source/games/duke/src/sectors_d.cpp
index 1581423ca..63b7d43ce 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/sectors_d.cpp
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/sectors_d.cpp
@@ -1710,7 +1710,7 @@ void checksectors_d(int snum)
 						spr->yvel = 1; //Using this camera
 						if (snum == screenpeek) S_PlaySound(MONITOR_ACTIVE);
 
-						neartagsprite->s.owner = i;
+						neartagsprite->SetOwner(acti);
 						neartagsprite->s.yvel = 1;
 						camsprite = neartagsprite->GetIndex();
 
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/sectors_r.cpp b/source/games/duke/src/sectors_r.cpp
index cbec5aa24..f8a53cc55 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/sectors_r.cpp
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/sectors_r.cpp
@@ -2394,7 +2394,7 @@ void checkhitsprite_r(DDukeActor* targ, DDukeActor* proj)
 				targ->extra += pspr->extra;
 				if (s->picnum != COW)
 					targ->ang = pspr->ang;
-				targ->owner = pspr->owner;
+				targ->SetHitOwner(proj->GetOwner());
 			}
 
 			if (s->statnum == 10)
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/sounds.cpp b/source/games/duke/src/sounds.cpp
index cac603483..09215696d 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/sounds.cpp
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/sounds.cpp
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ static int GetPositionInfo(DDukeActor* actor, int soundNum, int sectNum,
 
 void S_GetCamera(vec3_t** c, int32_t* ca, int32_t* cs)
 {
-	if (ud.camerasprite == -1)
+	if (ud.cameraactor == nullptr)
 	{
 		auto p = &ps[screenpeek];
 		if (c) *c = &p->pos;
@@ -302,9 +302,9 @@ void S_GetCamera(vec3_t** c, int32_t* ca, int32_t* cs)
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		if (c) *c = &sprite[ud.camerasprite].pos;
-		if (cs) *cs = sprite[ud.camerasprite].sectnum;
-		if (ca) *ca = sprite[ud.camerasprite].ang;
+		if (c) *c =  &ud.cameraactor->s.pos;
+		if (cs) *cs = ud.cameraactor->s.sectnum;
+		if (ca) *ca = ud.cameraactor->s.ang;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ void GameInterface::UpdateSounds(void)
 		listener.Environment = nullptr;
 		listener.valid = false;
 	}
-	listener.ListenerObject = ud.camerasprite == -1 ? nullptr : &sprite[ud.camerasprite];
+	listener.ListenerObject = ud.cameraactor == nullptr ? nullptr : &ud.cameraactor->s;
 	soundEngine->SetListener(listener);
 }
 
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/spawn.cpp b/source/games/duke/src/spawn.cpp
index a29fadc79..298eea42e 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/spawn.cpp
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/spawn.cpp
@@ -50,9 +50,6 @@ BEGIN_DUKE_NS
 
 DDukeActor* EGS(short whatsect, int s_x, int s_y, int s_z, short s_pn, signed char s_s, signed char s_xr, signed char s_yr, short s_a, short s_ve, int s_zv, DDukeActor* s_ow, signed char s_ss) 
 {
-	//if (isRR() && s_ow < 0 && !force)	// should never happen, the only owner-less spawn outside of map start is for the Holoduke, which is Duke only
-		//return 0;
-
 	int const i = insertsprite(whatsect, s_ss);
 
 	if (i < 0)
@@ -188,7 +185,7 @@ int initspriteforspawn(DDukeActor* actj, int pn, const std::initializer_list<int
 			if (!isIn(sp->picnum, excludes) && (sp->cstat & 48))
 			{
 				if (sp->shade == 127) return i;
-				if (wallswitchcheck(i) && (sp->cstat & 16))
+				if (wallswitchcheck(act) && (sp->cstat & 16))
 				{
 					if (sp->picnum != TILE_ACCESSSWITCH && sp->picnum != TILE_ACCESSSWITCH2 && sp->pal)
 					{
diff --git a/source/games/duke/src/types.h b/source/games/duke/src/types.h
index 7ae22fc8c..80de7a2fd 100644
--- a/source/games/duke/src/types.h
+++ b/source/games/duke/src/types.h
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ struct weaponhit
 		owner = a->GetIndex();
 	}
 
-	// This used the owner field - better move this to something more safe.
+	// This used the Owner field - better move this to something more safe.
 	inline bool IsActiveCrane()
 	{
 		return palvals == -2;
@@ -131,7 +131,6 @@ struct user_defs
 	unsigned char user_pals[MAXPLAYERS];
 
 	short from_bonus;
-	short camerasprite, last_camsprite;
 	short last_level, secretlevel;
 
 	int const_visibility;
@@ -148,6 +147,8 @@ struct user_defs
 	int player_skill, marker;
 	//MapRecord* nextLevel;
 
+	DDukeActor* cameraactor;
+
 };
 
 struct player_orig