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595 lines
20 KiB
Text
595 lines
20 KiB
Text
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LZMA SDK 4.65
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-------------
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LZMA SDK provides the documentation, samples, header files, libraries,
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and tools you need to develop applications that use LZMA compression.
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LZMA is default and general compression method of 7z format
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in 7-Zip compression program (www.7-zip.org). LZMA provides high
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compression ratio and very fast decompression.
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LZMA is an improved version of famous LZ77 compression algorithm.
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It was improved in way of maximum increasing of compression ratio,
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keeping high decompression speed and low memory requirements for
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decompressing.
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LICENSE
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-------
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LZMA SDK is written and placed in the public domain by Igor Pavlov.
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LZMA SDK Contents
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-----------------
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LZMA SDK includes:
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- ANSI-C/C++/C#/Java source code for LZMA compressing and decompressing
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- Compiled file->file LZMA compressing/decompressing program for Windows system
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UNIX/Linux version
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------------------
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To compile C++ version of file->file LZMA encoding, go to directory
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C++/7zip/Compress/LZMA_Alone
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and call make to recompile it:
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make -f makefile.gcc clean all
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In some UNIX/Linux versions you must compile LZMA with static libraries.
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To compile with static libraries, you can use
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LIB = -lm -static
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Files
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---------------------
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lzma.txt - LZMA SDK description (this file)
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7zFormat.txt - 7z Format description
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7zC.txt - 7z ANSI-C Decoder description
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methods.txt - Compression method IDs for .7z
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lzma.exe - Compiled file->file LZMA encoder/decoder for Windows
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history.txt - history of the LZMA SDK
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Source code structure
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---------------------
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C/ - C files
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7zCrc*.* - CRC code
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Alloc.* - Memory allocation functions
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Bra*.* - Filters for x86, IA-64, ARM, ARM-Thumb, PowerPC and SPARC code
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LzFind.* - Match finder for LZ (LZMA) encoders
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LzFindMt.* - Match finder for LZ (LZMA) encoders for multithreading encoding
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LzHash.h - Additional file for LZ match finder
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LzmaDec.* - LZMA decoding
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LzmaEnc.* - LZMA encoding
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LzmaLib.* - LZMA Library for DLL calling
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Types.h - Basic types for another .c files
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Threads.* - The code for multithreading.
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LzmaLib - LZMA Library (.DLL for Windows)
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LzmaUtil - LZMA Utility (file->file LZMA encoder/decoder).
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Archive - files related to archiving
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7z - 7z ANSI-C Decoder
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CPP/ -- CPP files
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Common - common files for C++ projects
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Windows - common files for Windows related code
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7zip - files related to 7-Zip Project
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Common - common files for 7-Zip
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Compress - files related to compression/decompression
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Copy - Copy coder
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RangeCoder - Range Coder (special code of compression/decompression)
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LZMA - LZMA compression/decompression on C++
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LZMA_Alone - file->file LZMA compression/decompression
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Branch - Filters for x86, IA-64, ARM, ARM-Thumb, PowerPC and SPARC code
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Archive - files related to archiving
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Common - common files for archive handling
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7z - 7z C++ Encoder/Decoder
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Bundles - Modules that are bundles of other modules
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Alone7z - 7zr.exe: Standalone version of 7z.exe that supports only 7z/LZMA/BCJ/BCJ2
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Format7zR - 7zr.dll: Reduced version of 7za.dll: extracting/compressing to 7z/LZMA/BCJ/BCJ2
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Format7zExtractR - 7zxr.dll: Reduced version of 7zxa.dll: extracting from 7z/LZMA/BCJ/BCJ2.
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UI - User Interface files
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Client7z - Test application for 7za.dll, 7zr.dll, 7zxr.dll
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Common - Common UI files
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Console - Code for console archiver
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CS/ - C# files
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7zip
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Common - some common files for 7-Zip
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Compress - files related to compression/decompression
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LZ - files related to LZ (Lempel-Ziv) compression algorithm
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LZMA - LZMA compression/decompression
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LzmaAlone - file->file LZMA compression/decompression
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RangeCoder - Range Coder (special code of compression/decompression)
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Java/ - Java files
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SevenZip
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Compression - files related to compression/decompression
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LZ - files related to LZ (Lempel-Ziv) compression algorithm
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LZMA - LZMA compression/decompression
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RangeCoder - Range Coder (special code of compression/decompression)
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C/C++ source code of LZMA SDK is part of 7-Zip project.
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7-Zip source code can be downloaded from 7-Zip's SourceForge page:
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http://sourceforge.net/projects/sevenzip/
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LZMA features
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-------------
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- Variable dictionary size (up to 1 GB)
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- Estimated compressing speed: about 2 MB/s on 2 GHz CPU
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- Estimated decompressing speed:
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- 20-30 MB/s on 2 GHz Core 2 or AMD Athlon 64
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- 1-2 MB/s on 200 MHz ARM, MIPS, PowerPC or other simple RISC
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- Small memory requirements for decompressing (16 KB + DictionarySize)
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- Small code size for decompressing: 5-8 KB
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LZMA decoder uses only integer operations and can be
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implemented in any modern 32-bit CPU (or on 16-bit CPU with some conditions).
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Some critical operations that affect the speed of LZMA decompression:
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1) 32*16 bit integer multiply
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2) Misspredicted branches (penalty mostly depends from pipeline length)
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3) 32-bit shift and arithmetic operations
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The speed of LZMA decompressing mostly depends from CPU speed.
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Memory speed has no big meaning. But if your CPU has small data cache,
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overall weight of memory speed will slightly increase.
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How To Use
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----------
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Using LZMA encoder/decoder executable
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--------------------------------------
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Usage: LZMA <e|d> inputFile outputFile [<switches>...]
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e: encode file
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d: decode file
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b: Benchmark. There are two tests: compressing and decompressing
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with LZMA method. Benchmark shows rating in MIPS (million
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instructions per second). Rating value is calculated from
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measured speed and it is normalized with Intel's Core 2 results.
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Also Benchmark checks possible hardware errors (RAM
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errors in most cases). Benchmark uses these settings:
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(-a1, -d21, -fb32, -mfbt4). You can change only -d parameter.
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Also you can change the number of iterations. Example for 30 iterations:
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LZMA b 30
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Default number of iterations is 10.
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<Switches>
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-a{N}: set compression mode 0 = fast, 1 = normal
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default: 1 (normal)
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d{N}: Sets Dictionary size - [0, 30], default: 23 (8MB)
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The maximum value for dictionary size is 1 GB = 2^30 bytes.
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Dictionary size is calculated as DictionarySize = 2^N bytes.
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For decompressing file compressed by LZMA method with dictionary
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size D = 2^N you need about D bytes of memory (RAM).
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-fb{N}: set number of fast bytes - [5, 273], default: 128
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Usually big number gives a little bit better compression ratio
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and slower compression process.
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-lc{N}: set number of literal context bits - [0, 8], default: 3
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Sometimes lc=4 gives gain for big files.
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-lp{N}: set number of literal pos bits - [0, 4], default: 0
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lp switch is intended for periodical data when period is
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equal 2^N. For example, for 32-bit (4 bytes)
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periodical data you can use lp=2. Often it's better to set lc0,
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if you change lp switch.
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-pb{N}: set number of pos bits - [0, 4], default: 2
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pb switch is intended for periodical data
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when period is equal 2^N.
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-mf{MF_ID}: set Match Finder. Default: bt4.
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Algorithms from hc* group doesn't provide good compression
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ratio, but they often works pretty fast in combination with
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fast mode (-a0).
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Memory requirements depend from dictionary size
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(parameter "d" in table below).
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MF_ID Memory Description
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bt2 d * 9.5 + 4MB Binary Tree with 2 bytes hashing.
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bt3 d * 11.5 + 4MB Binary Tree with 3 bytes hashing.
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bt4 d * 11.5 + 4MB Binary Tree with 4 bytes hashing.
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hc4 d * 7.5 + 4MB Hash Chain with 4 bytes hashing.
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-eos: write End Of Stream marker. By default LZMA doesn't write
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eos marker, since LZMA decoder knows uncompressed size
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stored in .lzma file header.
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-si: Read data from stdin (it will write End Of Stream marker).
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-so: Write data to stdout
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Examples:
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1) LZMA e file.bin file.lzma -d16 -lc0
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compresses file.bin to file.lzma with 64 KB dictionary (2^16=64K)
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and 0 literal context bits. -lc0 allows to reduce memory requirements
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for decompression.
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2) LZMA e file.bin file.lzma -lc0 -lp2
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compresses file.bin to file.lzma with settings suitable
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for 32-bit periodical data (for example, ARM or MIPS code).
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3) LZMA d file.lzma file.bin
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decompresses file.lzma to file.bin.
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Compression ratio hints
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-----------------------
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Recommendations
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---------------
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To increase the compression ratio for LZMA compressing it's desirable
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to have aligned data (if it's possible) and also it's desirable to locate
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data in such order, where code is grouped in one place and data is
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grouped in other place (it's better than such mixing: code, data, code,
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data, ...).
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Filters
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-------
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You can increase the compression ratio for some data types, using
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special filters before compressing. For example, it's possible to
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increase the compression ratio on 5-10% for code for those CPU ISAs:
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x86, IA-64, ARM, ARM-Thumb, PowerPC, SPARC.
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You can find C source code of such filters in C/Bra*.* files
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You can check the compression ratio gain of these filters with such
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7-Zip commands (example for ARM code):
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No filter:
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7z a a1.7z a.bin -m0=lzma
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With filter for little-endian ARM code:
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7z a a2.7z a.bin -m0=arm -m1=lzma
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It works in such manner:
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Compressing = Filter_encoding + LZMA_encoding
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Decompressing = LZMA_decoding + Filter_decoding
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Compressing and decompressing speed of such filters is very high,
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so it will not increase decompressing time too much.
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Moreover, it reduces decompression time for LZMA_decoding,
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since compression ratio with filtering is higher.
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These filters convert CALL (calling procedure) instructions
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from relative offsets to absolute addresses, so such data becomes more
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compressible.
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For some ISAs (for example, for MIPS) it's impossible to get gain from such filter.
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LZMA compressed file format
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---------------------------
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Offset Size Description
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0 1 Special LZMA properties (lc,lp, pb in encoded form)
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1 4 Dictionary size (little endian)
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5 8 Uncompressed size (little endian). -1 means unknown size
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13 Compressed data
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ANSI-C LZMA Decoder
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Please note that interfaces for ANSI-C code were changed in LZMA SDK 4.58.
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If you want to use old interfaces you can download previous version of LZMA SDK
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from sourceforge.net site.
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To use ANSI-C LZMA Decoder you need the following files:
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1) LzmaDec.h + LzmaDec.c + Types.h
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LzmaUtil/LzmaUtil.c is example application that uses these files.
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Memory requirements for LZMA decoding
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-------------------------------------
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Stack usage of LZMA decoding function for local variables is not
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larger than 200-400 bytes.
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LZMA Decoder uses dictionary buffer and internal state structure.
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Internal state structure consumes
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state_size = (4 + (1.5 << (lc + lp))) KB
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by default (lc=3, lp=0), state_size = 16 KB.
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How To decompress data
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----------------------
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LZMA Decoder (ANSI-C version) now supports 2 interfaces:
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1) Single-call Decompressing
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2) Multi-call State Decompressing (zlib-like interface)
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You must use external allocator:
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Example:
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void *SzAlloc(void *p, size_t size) { p = p; return malloc(size); }
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void SzFree(void *p, void *address) { p = p; free(address); }
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ISzAlloc alloc = { SzAlloc, SzFree };
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You can use p = p; operator to disable compiler warnings.
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Single-call Decompressing
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-------------------------
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When to use: RAM->RAM decompressing
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Compile files: LzmaDec.h + LzmaDec.c + Types.h
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Compile defines: no defines
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Memory Requirements:
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- Input buffer: compressed size
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- Output buffer: uncompressed size
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- LZMA Internal Structures: state_size (16 KB for default settings)
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Interface:
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int LzmaDecode(Byte *dest, SizeT *destLen, const Byte *src, SizeT *srcLen,
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const Byte *propData, unsigned propSize, ELzmaFinishMode finishMode,
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ELzmaStatus *status, ISzAlloc *alloc);
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In:
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dest - output data
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destLen - output data size
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src - input data
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srcLen - input data size
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propData - LZMA properties (5 bytes)
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propSize - size of propData buffer (5 bytes)
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finishMode - It has meaning only if the decoding reaches output limit (*destLen).
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LZMA_FINISH_ANY - Decode just destLen bytes.
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LZMA_FINISH_END - Stream must be finished after (*destLen).
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You can use LZMA_FINISH_END, when you know that
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current output buffer covers last bytes of stream.
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alloc - Memory allocator.
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Out:
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destLen - processed output size
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srcLen - processed input size
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Output:
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SZ_OK
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status:
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LZMA_STATUS_FINISHED_WITH_MARK
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LZMA_STATUS_NOT_FINISHED
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LZMA_STATUS_MAYBE_FINISHED_WITHOUT_MARK
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SZ_ERROR_DATA - Data error
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SZ_ERROR_MEM - Memory allocation error
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SZ_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED - Unsupported properties
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SZ_ERROR_INPUT_EOF - It needs more bytes in input buffer (src).
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If LZMA decoder sees end_marker before reaching output limit, it returns OK result,
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and output value of destLen will be less than output buffer size limit.
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You can use multiple checks to test data integrity after full decompression:
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1) Check Result and "status" variable.
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2) Check that output(destLen) = uncompressedSize, if you know real uncompressedSize.
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3) Check that output(srcLen) = compressedSize, if you know real compressedSize.
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You must use correct finish mode in that case. */
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Multi-call State Decompressing (zlib-like interface)
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----------------------------------------------------
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When to use: file->file decompressing
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Compile files: LzmaDec.h + LzmaDec.c + Types.h
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Memory Requirements:
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- Buffer for input stream: any size (for example, 16 KB)
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- Buffer for output stream: any size (for example, 16 KB)
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- LZMA Internal Structures: state_size (16 KB for default settings)
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- LZMA dictionary (dictionary size is encoded in LZMA properties header)
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1) read LZMA properties (5 bytes) and uncompressed size (8 bytes, little-endian) to header:
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unsigned char header[LZMA_PROPS_SIZE + 8];
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ReadFile(inFile, header, sizeof(header)
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2) Allocate CLzmaDec structures (state + dictionary) using LZMA properties
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CLzmaDec state;
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LzmaDec_Constr(&state);
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res = LzmaDec_Allocate(&state, header, LZMA_PROPS_SIZE, &g_Alloc);
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if (res != SZ_OK)
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return res;
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3) Init LzmaDec structure before any new LZMA stream. And call LzmaDec_DecodeToBuf in loop
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LzmaDec_Init(&state);
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for (;;)
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{
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...
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||
|
int res = LzmaDec_DecodeToBuf(CLzmaDec *p, Byte *dest, SizeT *destLen,
|
||
|
const Byte *src, SizeT *srcLen, ELzmaFinishMode finishMode);
|
||
|
...
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
4) Free all allocated structures
|
||
|
LzmaDec_Free(&state, &g_Alloc);
|
||
|
|
||
|
For full code example, look at C/LzmaUtil/LzmaUtil.c code.
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
How To compress data
|
||
|
--------------------
|
||
|
|
||
|
Compile files: LzmaEnc.h + LzmaEnc.c + Types.h +
|
||
|
LzFind.c + LzFind.h + LzFindMt.c + LzFindMt.h + LzHash.h
|
||
|
|
||
|
Memory Requirements:
|
||
|
- (dictSize * 11.5 + 6 MB) + state_size
|
||
|
|
||
|
Lzma Encoder can use two memory allocators:
|
||
|
1) alloc - for small arrays.
|
||
|
2) allocBig - for big arrays.
|
||
|
|
||
|
For example, you can use Large RAM Pages (2 MB) in allocBig allocator for
|
||
|
better compression speed. Note that Windows has bad implementation for
|
||
|
Large RAM Pages.
|
||
|
It's OK to use same allocator for alloc and allocBig.
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
Single-call Compression with callbacks
|
||
|
--------------------------------------
|
||
|
|
||
|
Check C/LzmaUtil/LzmaUtil.c as example,
|
||
|
|
||
|
When to use: file->file decompressing
|
||
|
|
||
|
1) you must implement callback structures for interfaces:
|
||
|
ISeqInStream
|
||
|
ISeqOutStream
|
||
|
ICompressProgress
|
||
|
ISzAlloc
|
||
|
|
||
|
static void *SzAlloc(void *p, size_t size) { p = p; return MyAlloc(size); }
|
||
|
static void SzFree(void *p, void *address) { p = p; MyFree(address); }
|
||
|
static ISzAlloc g_Alloc = { SzAlloc, SzFree };
|
||
|
|
||
|
CFileSeqInStream inStream;
|
||
|
CFileSeqOutStream outStream;
|
||
|
|
||
|
inStream.funcTable.Read = MyRead;
|
||
|
inStream.file = inFile;
|
||
|
outStream.funcTable.Write = MyWrite;
|
||
|
outStream.file = outFile;
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
2) Create CLzmaEncHandle object;
|
||
|
|
||
|
CLzmaEncHandle enc;
|
||
|
|
||
|
enc = LzmaEnc_Create(&g_Alloc);
|
||
|
if (enc == 0)
|
||
|
return SZ_ERROR_MEM;
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
3) initialize CLzmaEncProps properties;
|
||
|
|
||
|
LzmaEncProps_Init(&props);
|
||
|
|
||
|
Then you can change some properties in that structure.
|
||
|
|
||
|
4) Send LZMA properties to LZMA Encoder
|
||
|
|
||
|
res = LzmaEnc_SetProps(enc, &props);
|
||
|
|
||
|
5) Write encoded properties to header
|
||
|
|
||
|
Byte header[LZMA_PROPS_SIZE + 8];
|
||
|
size_t headerSize = LZMA_PROPS_SIZE;
|
||
|
UInt64 fileSize;
|
||
|
int i;
|
||
|
|
||
|
res = LzmaEnc_WriteProperties(enc, header, &headerSize);
|
||
|
fileSize = MyGetFileLength(inFile);
|
||
|
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
|
||
|
header[headerSize++] = (Byte)(fileSize >> (8 * i));
|
||
|
MyWriteFileAndCheck(outFile, header, headerSize)
|
||
|
|
||
|
6) Call encoding function:
|
||
|
res = LzmaEnc_Encode(enc, &outStream.funcTable, &inStream.funcTable,
|
||
|
NULL, &g_Alloc, &g_Alloc);
|
||
|
|
||
|
7) Destroy LZMA Encoder Object
|
||
|
LzmaEnc_Destroy(enc, &g_Alloc, &g_Alloc);
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
If callback function return some error code, LzmaEnc_Encode also returns that code.
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
Single-call RAM->RAM Compression
|
||
|
--------------------------------
|
||
|
|
||
|
Single-call RAM->RAM Compression is similar to Compression with callbacks,
|
||
|
but you provide pointers to buffers instead of pointers to stream callbacks:
|
||
|
|
||
|
HRes LzmaEncode(Byte *dest, SizeT *destLen, const Byte *src, SizeT srcLen,
|
||
|
CLzmaEncProps *props, Byte *propsEncoded, SizeT *propsSize, int writeEndMark,
|
||
|
ICompressProgress *progress, ISzAlloc *alloc, ISzAlloc *allocBig);
|
||
|
|
||
|
Return code:
|
||
|
SZ_OK - OK
|
||
|
SZ_ERROR_MEM - Memory allocation error
|
||
|
SZ_ERROR_PARAM - Incorrect paramater
|
||
|
SZ_ERROR_OUTPUT_EOF - output buffer overflow
|
||
|
SZ_ERROR_THREAD - errors in multithreading functions (only for Mt version)
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
LZMA Defines
|
||
|
------------
|
||
|
|
||
|
_LZMA_SIZE_OPT - Enable some optimizations in LZMA Decoder to get smaller executable code.
|
||
|
|
||
|
_LZMA_PROB32 - It can increase the speed on some 32-bit CPUs, but memory usage for
|
||
|
some structures will be doubled in that case.
|
||
|
|
||
|
_LZMA_UINT32_IS_ULONG - Define it if int is 16-bit on your compiler and long is 32-bit.
|
||
|
|
||
|
_LZMA_NO_SYSTEM_SIZE_T - Define it if you don't want to use size_t type.
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
C++ LZMA Encoder/Decoder
|
||
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
C++ LZMA code use COM-like interfaces. So if you want to use it,
|
||
|
you can study basics of COM/OLE.
|
||
|
C++ LZMA code is just wrapper over ANSI-C code.
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
C++ Notes
|
||
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
If you use some C++ code folders in 7-Zip (for example, C++ code for .7z handling),
|
||
|
you must check that you correctly work with "new" operator.
|
||
|
7-Zip can be compiled with MSVC 6.0 that doesn't throw "exception" from "new" operator.
|
||
|
So 7-Zip uses "CPP\Common\NewHandler.cpp" that redefines "new" operator:
|
||
|
operator new(size_t size)
|
||
|
{
|
||
|
void *p = ::malloc(size);
|
||
|
if (p == 0)
|
||
|
throw CNewException();
|
||
|
return p;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
If you use MSCV that throws exception for "new" operator, you can compile without
|
||
|
"NewHandler.cpp". So standard exception will be used. Actually some code of
|
||
|
7-Zip catches any exception in internal code and converts it to HRESULT code.
|
||
|
So you don't need to catch CNewException, if you call COM interfaces of 7-Zip.
|
||
|
|
||
|
---
|
||
|
|
||
|
http://www.7-zip.org
|
||
|
http://www.7-zip.org/sdk.html
|
||
|
http://www.7-zip.org/support.html
|