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186 lines
6.5 KiB
Groff
186 lines
6.5 KiB
Groff
.\" Process this file with
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.\" groff -man -Tascii GNUstep.7
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.\"
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.TH GNUstep 7 "15/12/2007" gnustep-core "GNUstep System Manual"
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.SH NAME
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GNUstep \- A free implementation of the OpenStep standard
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B GNUstep
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provides an Object-Oriented application development framework and toolset for use on a wide variety of computer platforms.
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.B GNUstep
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is based on the original OpenStep specification provided by NeXT, Inc. (now Apple).
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.P
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.B GNUstep
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is written in Objective-C, an object-oriented superset of the C programming language, similar to SmallTalk. However there exist a number of brigdes and interfaces to develop
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.B GNUstep
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programs using other languages like JAVA or Ruby.
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The
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.B GNUstep
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core system consists of the following parts, which are jointly refered to as
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.I gnustep-core
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:
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.TP
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.I gnustep-make
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A set of scripts and makefiles that heavily ease the creation and maintenance of software projects.
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.TP
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.I gnustep-base
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The FoundationKit libraries for non-GUI tools providing everything from string and array classes, filemanager classes to distributed objects.
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.TP
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.I gnustep-gui
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The ApplicationKit containing widgets, workspace classes and means for applications to interact with the user. This is the frontend of \fBGNUstep\fR's GUI part.
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.TP
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.I gnustep-back
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This is the backend of
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.BR GNUstep 's
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GUI part which does the actual rendering and event handling. It acts as a layer between gnustep-gui and the operating/drawing system. Backends exist for X11 (one using cairo, one using libart, one using xlib drawing) and win32.
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.PP
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Apart from the above, there exist a number of addon libraries, like
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.B Renaissance
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which allows developers to specify an application's user interface in xml. For database access, there is
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.B GDL2
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\- the GNUstep Database Library. Please refer to the
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.B GNUstep
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website for more information.
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.PP
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.B GNUstep
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per default is self-contained. That means that all
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.B GNUstep
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applications, tools, libraries and add-ons are installed into the
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.B GNUstep
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directory hierarchy. However as of
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.I gnustep-make-2.0.0
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it is also possible to install everything in compliance with other filesystem hierarchies. See the
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.I FilesystemLayouts
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directory in the source package of
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.I gnustep-make
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for more information.
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.PP
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There are four domains which are searched for files: the System domain, which
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should only contain the core system files, the Local domain which stores all
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that has later been installed on the system, the Network domain which should
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be used for importing data from a remote system, and the User domain which resides in the user's home directory (mostly
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.IR ~/GNUstep ).
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.PP
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A complete description of the default
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.B GNUstep
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layout can be found in the
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.IR filesystem.pdf .
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.SS TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS
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In the world of GNUstep the term
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.I tool
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refers to command line programs whereas
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.I applications
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are fully fledged GUI programs.
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Naturally,
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.I tools
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reside in the domains' Tools folder,
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.I applications
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can be
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found in the domains' Applications folder.
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Applications are either launched using the
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.B openapp
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command or from the Workspace.
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.SS SERVICES
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.RB "In " GNUstep
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applications globally offer functionality to other applications through
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.IR services .
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They can be reached through the Services menu entry in an
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application's main menu. Apart from
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.I services
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offered by applications, there may
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be programs whose sole purpose is the offering of services. They can be found
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in the domains' Libary/Services folders.
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.PP
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The
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.B make_services
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tool makes sure the services are known to other applications when a application is newly installed.
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.SS BUNDLES
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A bundle is a collection of resources making up a discrete package for use. There are currently three types of bundles: applications, frameworks and loadable bundles.
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.P
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A loadable bundle is a kind of plug-in. There are two types of loadable bundles, namely plug-ins and palettes. The plug-in is noramlly refered to as a bundle, which can make it a bit confusing. A plug-in is a bundle that can be loaded by an application to provide additional functionality, while a palette is a plug-in for
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.BR GORM ,
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the interface builder. A palette is used to extend
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.B GORM
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with custom UI objects. Palettes have a
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.I .palette
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extension.
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.SS THE WORKSPACE
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.P
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The central place of the user interface is the
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.I Workspace
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or
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.I Workspace Manager
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which acts as an interface between the user and parts of the system like
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files, processes, etc. The GWorkspace application provides this functionality
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in GNUstep. See the GWorkspace website for more details.
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.SS DEVELOPER APPLICATIONS
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.P
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What would a development environment be without the applications to create applications? The applications provided by GNUstep for Rapid Application Developement are:
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.TP
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GORM
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.B GORM
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is the interface modeler. With
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.B GORM
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you can quickly create the graphical interface of your application.
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.TP
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Project Center
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.B Project Center
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is the program where you can develop your program. It offers you automatic generation of
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.I GNUmakefiles
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, project maintenance and of course a code editor.
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.SH SEE ALSO
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gcc(1), gdnc(1), gdomap(8), gopen(1), gpbs(1), make(1), openapp(1)
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.PP
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.B GNUstep Websites:
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.TP
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http://www.gnustep.org/
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Official GNUstep website
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.TP
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http://wiki.gnustep.org/
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GNUstep Wiki (lots of useful information)
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.TP
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http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/gnustep/
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GNUstep Project Page
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.TP
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http://gnustep.made-it.com/
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GNUstep Documentation Library
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.TP
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http://www.collaboration-world.com
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Collaboration World, the home of GNUmail
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.TP
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http://www.gnustep.it/
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The home of GWorkspace, JIGS, Renaissance and programming tutorials.
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.P
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.B Mailinglists
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.TP
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http://www.gnustep.org/information/gethelp.html
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Mailing lists and mailing list archives.
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.P
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.B IRC
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.TP
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#GNUstep on FreeNode
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You are invited to join the #GNUstep IRC channel on FreeNode (irc.freenode.net).
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.SH HISTORY
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.B GNUstep
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was at first a collaboration of two projects that wanted to create a single
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.B GNUstep
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project that complied to the OpenStep specification provided by NeXT Computer, Inc. and SunSoft, Inc. Development of this joint effort started around 1993-1994. For a more detailed history description see the GNUstep Documentation Library referenced in the
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.B SEE ALSO
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section.
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.PP
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GNUstep is developed and maintained by a large number of people. Please
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see <http://www.gnustep.org/developers/whoiswho.html> for a list.
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.SH AUTHORS
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This man-page was first written by Martin Brecher <martin@mb-itconsulting.com> in august of 2003.
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.PP
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In December 2007 it was expanded by Dennis Leeuw <dleeuw@made-it.com> and made to comply with the gnustep-make-2.0.x releases.
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