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230 lines
8.2 KiB
XML
230 lines
8.2 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!DOCTYPE gsdoc PUBLIC "-//GNUstep//DTD gsdoc 1.0.3//EN" "/usr/GNUstep/System/Libraries/Resources/DTDs/gsdoc-1_0_3.dtd" >
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<gsdoc base="KeyboardSetup">
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<head>
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<title>User Keyboard Setup for GNUstep Libraries</title>
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<author name="Adam Fedor">
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<email address="fedor@gnu.org"/>
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<url url="http://www.gnustep.org/developers/whoiswho.html"/>
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</author>
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<author name="Nicola Pero">
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<email address="n.pero@mi.flashnet.it"/>
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<url url="http://www.gnustep.org/developers/whoiswho.html"/>
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</author>
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<version>$Revision$</version>
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<date>$Date$</date>
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<copy>2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</copy>
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</head>
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<body>
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<chapter>
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<heading>Keyboard Setup</heading>
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<p>
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This document describes how to change the mouse and keyboard
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mappings so that GNUstep can be used properly.
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This document applies only to the X-Windows based backend.
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</p>
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<section>
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<heading>Defaults Settings</heading>
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<p>
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The OpenStep specification requires 3 main different keyboard
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modifiers: <var>CONTROL</var>, <var>COMMAND</var> and
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<var>ALTERNATE</var>.
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</p>
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<list>
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<item>
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<var>COMMAND</var> is used to enter key equivalents (keyboard
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shortcuts for menus or buttons); for example, usually 'Quit'
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on the main menu of an application is bound to 'q', so you
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may usually quit a GNUstep application by
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pressing <em>Command - q</em>.
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</item>
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<item>
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<var>CONTROL</var> and <var>ALTERNATE</var> are two
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additional modifiers. A typical use
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of <var>ALTERNATE</var> is to scroll by pages rather than
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by lines; you have to press <var>ALTERNATE</var> while
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acting on a scrollbar with the mouse.
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</item>
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</list>
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<p>
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By default, GNUstep uses <code>Control_L</code> (left Ctrl)
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and <code>Control_R</code> (right Ctrl)
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as <var>CONTROL</var>, <code>Alt_L</code> (left alt)
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as <var>COMMAND</var>, and <code>Alt_R</code> (right alt,
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sometimes called AltGr) as <var>ALTERNATE</var>. As a
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special exception, if <code>Alt_R</code> is not bound to any
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key on your keyboard, GNUstep will try to use
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<code>Mode_switch</code> for <var>ALTERNATE</var> instead.
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Some X server map AltGr onto <code>ISO_Level3_Shift</code>.
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To allow for this the second code <var>ALTERNATE</var> may be
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bound to this key.
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</p>
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<p>
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If this layout does not work for you, because your keyboard
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misses some of these keys, or they have different X names or
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they conflict heavily with your window manager shortcuts (or
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for any other reason), read on.
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</p>
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</section>
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<section>
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<heading>Changing the Default Settings</heading>
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<p>
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Under GNUstep, you may change the default as you wish:
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you may choose which keys of your keyboard you want
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to use for <var>CONTROL</var>, <var>COMMAND</var> and <var>ALTERNATE</var>
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(You may even use different keys for different GNUstep applications,
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without conflict). These settings are internal to GNUstep,
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and will not influence the behaviour of other X apps.
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</p>
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<p>
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You may choose up to 2 keys per modifier.
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</p>
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<p>
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Note that, if your keyboard is properly set up for X,
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you should <em>not</em> need to remap your X keyboard
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to use GNUstep. By changing the defaults, you should be able
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to use GNUstep whatever the X keyboard mapping might be.
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</p>
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<p>
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What you have to do, is simply to instruct GNUstep to use
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different keys for <var>CONTROL</var>, <var>COMMAND</var> and <var>ALTERNATE</var>.
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</p>
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<p>
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The keys to use are determined at the application startup,
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by reading the user defaults database.
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</p>
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<p>
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To set the keys which will act as <var>CONTROL</var> you have to set
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<code>GSFirstControlKey</code> and <code>GSSecondControlKey</code>; and
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similarly for the other keys:
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</p>
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<list>
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<item> CONTROL
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<code>GSFirstControlKey</code>
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<code>GSSecondControlKey</code>
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</item>
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<item> COMMAND
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<code>GSFirstCommandKey</code>
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<code>GSSecondCommandKey</code>
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</item>
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<item> ALTERNATE
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<code>GSFirstAlternateKey</code>
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<code>GSSecondAlternateKey</code>
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</item>
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</list>
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<p>
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Valid values are all the standard strings for X keys.
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To disable completely a key, use <code>NoSymbol</code> as preference.
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</p>
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<p>
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Each value which you do not explicity set is substituted with
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its default value. The default values are:
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</p>
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<list>
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<item> GSFirstControlKey
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<code>Control_L</code>
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</item>
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<item> GSSecondControlKey
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<code>Control_R</code>
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</item>
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<item> GSFirstCommandKey
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<code>Alt_L</code>
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</item>
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<item> GSSecondCommandKey
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<code>NoSymbol</code>
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</item>
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<item> GSFirstAlternateKey
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<code>Alt_R</code> (or <code>Mode_switch</code> if there is no <code>Alt_R</code>)
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</item>
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<item> GSSecondAlternateKey
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<code>NoSymbol</code>
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</item>
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</list>
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<p>
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What could go wrong is for example that you don't have an <code>Alt_L</code>
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key. With the default settings, you will not be able to enter the
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<var>COMMAND</var> key (which is quite an important key). What you can do in
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this case is to use <code>Control_R</code> as <var>COMMAND</var>, giving the
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following commands (from the command line):
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</p>
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<example>
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defaults write NSGlobalDomain GSFirstCommandKey Control_R
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defaults write NSGlobalDomain GSSecondControlKey NoSymbol
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</example>
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<p>
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These commands write in the GNUstep user database;
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the information will be used every time you start a GNUstep application.
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</p>
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<p>
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The first line sets <code>GSFirstCommandKey</code> to <code>Control_R</code>, which
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makes <code>Control_R</code> to be read as <var>COMMAND</var>.
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</p>
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<p>
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The second line disables the second control key, which would otherwise
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be bound to <code>Control_R</code> by default. If you omit it,
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<code>Control_R</code> will be used at the same time as <var>COMMAND</var> and as
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<var>CONTROL</var>, which is not very useful.
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</p>
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<p>
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To delete these preferences and restore the defaults, use
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</p>
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<example>
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defaults delete NSGlobalDomain GSFirstCommandKey
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defaults delete NSGlobalDomain GSSecondControlKey
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</example>
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<p>
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To get a list of currently set defaults, you may use
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</p>
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<example>
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defaults read
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</example>
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<p>
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The list might be very long; you may want to extract only
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setting for the <code>GSFirstCommandKey</code>, for example:
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</p>
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<example>
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defaults read | grep GSFirstCommandKey
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</example>
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<p>
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A thing which could go wrong if you are trying to use a
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setting different from the default, and you do not know
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much about X, is that you can't find out the name of one
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of your key. In this case, you may try having a look at
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the output of programs like <code>xmodmap</code> or
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<code>xkeycaps</code>; even if you do not understand it
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completely, the output can inspire the right guessing.
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</p>
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<p>
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A problem you are likely to encounter is that of conflicts
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with the window manager keyboard shortcuts. Good window
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managers let you change the keyboard shortcuts, so you may
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move the wm shortcuts that you do not use to keys which do
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not conflict (at least not too much) with GNUstep.
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</p>
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<p>
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A final potential worry on X11 has to do with keyboards where hitting
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'shift' or another key can affect the interpretation of a modifier
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key. For example, on some Apple USB keyboards one key to the left
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of the space bar maps to "Option" without shift pressed, and "Alt"
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when it IS pressed. Such keyboard mappings are often useful in
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non-English contexts to access accents or non-Roman characters.
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However if such a key is used as a modifier in GNUstep problems can
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occur when trying to use the modifier in conjunction with a shifted
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character. In particular, you will need to hit and release the
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modifier and the shift key in a particular order, or else things
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will not work as expected, and the modifier may become "stuck". If
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you experience such a problem, set the GNUstep back default
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<code>GSModifiersAreKeys</code> to <code>YES</code>.
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</p>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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</body>
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</gsdoc>
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