2002-09-01 21:37:00 +00:00
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!DOCTYPE gsdoc PUBLIC "-//GNUstep//DTD gsdoc 0.6.7//EN" "/usr/GNUstep/System/Libraries/Resources/DTDs/gsdoc-0_6_6.dtd" >
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<gsdoc base="LanguageSetup">
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<head>
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<title>Using Traditional Chinese and Other Languages</title>
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<author name="Yen-Ju Chen">
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<url url="http://www.gnustep.org/developers/whoiswho.html"/>
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</author>
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2003-07-17 03:24:27 +00:00
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<author name="Kazunobu Kuriyama">
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</author>
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2002-09-01 21:37:00 +00:00
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<version>$Revision$</version>
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<date>$Date$</date>
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</head>
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<body>
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<chapter>
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<heading>Using Traditional Chinese and Other Languages</heading>
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2003-07-17 03:24:27 +00:00
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<p>This brief article illustrates how to set up your GNUstep for
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the East Asian languages known as CJK (Chinese, Japanese, and
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Korean) in literature. We assume that you already know how to
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set up your X Window System for your language environment such
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as locale, fonts, and input methods. We also assume that you
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selected 'art' as the backend of GNUstep's GUI.
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</p>
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<p>Like other computer software made outside the region, GNUstep
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requires some adjustment to use those languages. The adjustment
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consists of the following steps:
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</p>
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<enum>
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<item>
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Prepare one or more true type font files which contain characters
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of your native language, and organize them in a certain way so that
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the art backend can use them.
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</item>
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<item>
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Set the environmental variable GNUSTEP_STRING_ENCODING to an
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appropriate value for the language in use.
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</item>
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<item>
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Set the NSGlobalDomain variables such as NSFont, NSFontSize,
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and NSUserFont, to name a few, to appropriate values using the
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GNUstep's utility 'defaults'.
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</item>
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</enum>
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<p>Now we explain each step in detail.</p>
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<section>
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<heading>Fonts</heading>
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<p>The art backend expects font files to be found in the
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specified directories, such as
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<file>$GNUSTEP_USER_ROOT/Library/Fonts</file> and
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<file>$GNUSTEP_SYSTEM_ROOT/Library/Fonts</file>. You need to
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organize font files in a certain way so that the art
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backend can recognize them.</p>
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<p>
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Check out these documents about installation and usage of nfonts:
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<uref url="http://wiki.gnustep.org/index.php/back-art%20Installation">
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back-art Installation</uref>,
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<uref url=
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"http://wiki.gnustep.org/index.php/nfont%20packages">nfont
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package</uref>.</p>
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</section>
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<section>
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<heading>Encoding</heading>
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<p>
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By default, GNUstep assumes that a character is encoded in
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ISO8859-1 unless the escape character \u precedes it (This
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exception applies to other encodings). Hence, if you want to
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use the characters of your native language with GNUstep, you
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have to tell it which encoding you use. This can be done by
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setting the environmental variable GNUSTEP_STRING_ENCODING to an
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appropriate value.
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</p>
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<p>Some possible values for GNUSTEP_STRING_ENCODING are as follows:</p>
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<list>
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<item>NSJapaneseEUCStringEncoding // Japanese</item>
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<item>NSUTF8StringEncoding</item>
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<item>NSISOLatin1StringEncoding // ISO-8859-1; West European</item>
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<item>NSShiftJISStringEncoding // Japanese</item>
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<item>NSISOLatin2StringEncoding // ISO-8859-2; East European</item>
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<item>NSUnicodeStringEncoding</item>
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<item>NSWindowsCP1251StringEncoding</item>
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<item>NSWindowsCP1252StringEncoding // WinLatin1</item>
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<item>NSWindowsCP1253StringEncoding // Greek</item>
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<item>NSWindowsCP1254StringEncoding // Turkish</item>
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<item>NSWindowsCP1250StringEncoding // WinLatin2</item>
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<item>NSISO2022JPStringEncoding // Japanese</item>
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<item>NSMacOSRomanStringEncoding</item>
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<item>NSKOI8RStringEncoding // Russian/Cyrillic</item>
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<item>NSISOLatin3StringEncoding // ISO-8859-3; South European</item>
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<item>NSISOLatin4StringEncoding // ISO-8859-4; North European</item>
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<item>NSISOCyrillicStringEncoding // ISO-8859-5</item>
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<item>NSISOArabicStringEncoding // ISO-8859-6</item>
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<item>NSISOGreekStringEncoding // ISO-8859-7</item>
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<item>NSISOHebrewStringEncoding // ISO-8859-8</item>
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<item>NSISOLatin5StringEncoding // ISO-8859-9; Turkish</item>
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<item>NSISOLatin6StringEncoding // ISO-8859-10; Nordic</item>
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<item>NSISOThaiStringEncoding // ISO-8859-11</item>
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<item>NSISOLatin7StringEncoding // ISO-8859-13</item>
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<item>NSISOLatin8StringEncoding // ISO-8859-14</item>
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<item>NSISOLatin9StringEncoding // ISO-8859-15; Replaces ISOLatin1</item>
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<item>NSGB2312StringEncoding</item>
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<item>NSUTF7StringEncoding // RFC 2152</item>
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<item>NSGSM0338StringEncoding // GSM (mobile phone) default alphabet</item>
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<item>NSBIG5StringEncoding // Traditional chinese</item>
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</list>
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<p>
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Of these values, choose an appropriate one for your purpose and
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set the environmental variable to it. For example, for sh or
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bash,
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</p>
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<example>
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export GNUSTEP_STRING_ENCODING=NSBIG5StringEncoding
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</example>
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<p>or, for csh,</p>
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<example>
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setenv GNUSTEP_STRING_ENCODING NSBIG5StringEncoding
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</example>
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</section>
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2002-09-01 21:37:00 +00:00
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<section>
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2003-07-17 03:24:27 +00:00
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<heading>User Default Values</heading>
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2002-09-01 21:37:00 +00:00
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<p>
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2003-07-17 03:24:27 +00:00
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Now that you specify the encoding, you have to determine which fonts you
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use to display the characters of your native language.</p>
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<p>Becuase the fonts used in GNUstep GUI are initially set to
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those that are appropriate for European languages, you have to
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overwrite them to display the characters correctly.
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</p>
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<p>At least, you need to change the user default value NSFont.
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For example, suppose you have an .nfont package called MyFont
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and want to use it to display the characters. To do this, use
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the GNUstep's utility 'defaults' as follows:
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2002-09-01 21:37:00 +00:00
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</p>
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<example>
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2003-07-17 03:24:27 +00:00
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defaults write NSGlobalDomain NSFont "MyFont"
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defaults write NSGlobalDomain NSFontSize 16
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2002-09-01 21:37:00 +00:00
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</example>
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2003-07-17 03:24:27 +00:00
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<p>
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Depending on situation, you may also need to set NSUserFont to
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the same font. For further details about the user default values, the
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reader can refer to the documents DefaultsSummary.html and
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NSFont.html shipped with the GNUstep packages.
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</p>
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2002-09-01 21:37:00 +00:00
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</section>
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<section>
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2003-07-17 03:24:27 +00:00
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<heading>Examples</heading>
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<subsect>
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<heading>Chinese</heading>
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<example>
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export GNUSTEP_STRING_ENCODING=NSBIG5StringEncoding
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</example>
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<example>
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defaults write NSGlobalDomain NSFont "Ar Pl Kaitim Big5"
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defaults write NSGlobalDomain NSFontSize 16
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</example>
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</subsect>
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<subsect>
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<heading>Japanese</heading>
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</subsect>
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<subsect>
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<heading>Korean</heading>
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</subsect>
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2002-09-01 21:37:00 +00:00
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</section>
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2003-07-17 03:24:27 +00:00
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2002-09-01 21:37:00 +00:00
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<section>
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2003-07-17 03:24:27 +00:00
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<heading>Concluding Remarks</heading>
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<p>
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Although this article has focused on the CJK languages, most part of it
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is also applicable to other languages if GNUstep supports the enconding
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you need.
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</p>
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<p>
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If you find a way to set up GNUstep with your native language
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other than CJK, please consider to contribute it to the GNUstep
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community to share your invaluable experience with others. We'll
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greatly appreciate it. Comments or suggestions are also welcome.
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</p>
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2002-09-01 21:37:00 +00:00
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</section>
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2003-07-17 03:24:27 +00:00
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</chapter>
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2002-09-01 21:37:00 +00:00
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</body>
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</gsdoc>
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