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697 lines
25 KiB
HTML
697 lines
25 KiB
HTML
<html><head>
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<title>NSObject</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<a href ="NSNumberFormatter.html">[Previous] </a>
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<a href ="Base.html">[Up] </a>
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<a href ="NSPipe.html">[Next] </a>
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<h1>NSObject</h1>
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<h3>Authors </h3>
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<dl>
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<dt><a href ="http://www.gnustep.org/developers/whoiswho.html">Richard Frith-Macdonald</a>
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<dd>
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<dt><a href ="http://www.gnustep.org/developers/whoiswho.html">Nicola Pero</a>
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<dd>
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</dl>
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<p>Version: $Revision$</p>
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<p>Date: $Date$</p>
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<h2><a name ="cont-0">NSObject</a></h2>
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<h2><a name ="NSObject">NSObject</a></h2>
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<p><b>Declared in: </b> Foundation/NSObject.h</p>
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<p><b>Conforms to: </b> NSObject
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</p>
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<hr>
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<p>
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<code>NSObject</code> is the root class (a root class is
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a class with no superclass) of the gnustep base library
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class hierarchy, so all classes normally inherit from
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<code>NSObject</code>. There is an exception though:
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<code>NSProxy</code> (which is used for remote messaging)
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does not inherit from <code>NSObject</code>.
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</p>
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<p>
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Unless you are really sure of what you are doing, all
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your own classes should inherit (directly or indirectly)
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from <code>NSObject</code> (or in special cases from
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<code>NSProxy</code>). <code>NSObject</code> provides
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the basic common functionality shared by all gnustep
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classes and objects.
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</p>
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<p>
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The essential methods which must be implemented by all
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classes for their instances to be usable within gnustep
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are declared in a separate protocol, which is the
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<code>NSObject</code> protocol. Both
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<code>NSObject</code> and <code>NSProxy</code> conform to
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this protocol, which means all objects in a gnustep
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application will conform to this protocol (btw, if you
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don't find a method of <code>NSObject</code> you are
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looking for in this documentation, make sure you also
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look into the documentation for the <code>NSObject</code>
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protocol).
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</p>
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<p>
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Theoretically, in special cases you might need to
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implement a new root class. If you do, you need to make
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sure that your root class conforms (at least) to the
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<code>NSObject</code> protocol, otherwise it will not
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interact correctly with the gnustep framework. Said
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that, I must note that I have never seen a case in which
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a new root class is needed.
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</p>
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<p>
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<code>NSObject</code> is a root class, which implies that
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instance methods of <code>NSObject</code> are treated in
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a special way by the Objective-C runtime. This is an
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exception to the normal way messaging works with class
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and instance methods: if the Objective-C runtime can't
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find a class method for a class object, as a last resort
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it looks for an instance method of the root class with
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the same name, and executes it if it finds it. This
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means that instance methods of the root class (such as
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<code>NSObject</code>) can be performed by class objects
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which inherit from that root class ! This can only
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happen if the class doesn't have a class method with the
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same name, otherwise that method - of course - takes the
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precedence. Because of this exception,
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<code>NSObject</code>'s instance methods are written in
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such a way that they work both on <code>NSObject</code>'s
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instances and on class objects.
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</p>
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<h2>Instance Variables </h2>
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<ul>
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</ul>
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<h2>Methods </h2>
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<ul>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-0">+alloc</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-1">+allocWithZone:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-2">+cancelPreviousPerformRequestsWithTarget:selector:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-3">+class</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-4">+conformsToProtocol:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-5">+copyWithZone:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-6">+description</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-7">+descriptionWithLocale:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-8">+descriptionWithLocale:indent:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-9">+descriptionWithLocale:indent:to:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-10">+initialize</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-11">+instanceMethodForSelector:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-12">+instanceMethodSignatureForSelector:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-13">+instancesRespondToSelector:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-14">+load</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-15">+mutableCopyWithZone:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-16">+new</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-17">+poseAsClass:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-18">+setVersion:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-19">+superclass</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-20">+version</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-47">-_dealloc</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-21">-awakeAfterUsingCoder:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-22">-classForArchiver</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-23">-classForCoder</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-24">-classForPortCoder</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-25">-connection:handleRequest:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-26">-copy</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-27">-dealloc</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-45">-deallocNotificationsActive</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-28">-description</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-29">-descriptionWithLocale:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-30">-descriptionWithLocale:indent:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-31">-descriptionWithLocale:indent:to:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-32">-doesNotRecognizeSelector:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-33">-forwardInvocation:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-34">-hash</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-35">-init</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-36">-isEqual:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-37">-methodForSelector:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-38">-methodSignatureForSelector:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-39">-mutableCopy</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-40">-performSelector:withObject:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-41">-performSelector:withObject:afterDelay:inModes:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-42">-replacementObjectForArchiver:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-43">-replacementObjectForCoder:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-44">-replacementObjectForPortCoder:</a>
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<li ><a href ="NSObject.html#method-46">-setDeallocNotificationsActive:</a>
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</ul>
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<hr><h2>Class Methods </h2>
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<h3><a name ="method-0">alloc</a></h3>
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+ (id) <b>alloc</b>;<br>
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Allocates a new instance of the receiver from the default
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zone, by invoking <code>allocWithZone:</code> with
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<code>NSDefaultMallocZone()</code> as the zone argument.
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Returns the created instance.
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-1">allocWithZone:</a></h3>
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+ (id) <b>allocWithZone:</b> (NSZone*)zone;<br>
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This is the basic method to create a new instance. It
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allocates a new instance of the receiver from the specified
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memory zone.
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<p>
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Memory for an instance of the receiver is allocated; a
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pointer to this newly created instance is returned. All
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instance variables are set to 0 except the
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<code>isa</code> pointer which is set to point to the
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object class. No initialization of the instance is
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performed: it is your responsibility to initialize the
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instance by calling an appropriate <code>init</code>
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method. If you are not using the garbage collector, it is
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also your responsibility to make sure the returned
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instance is destroyed when you finish using it, by calling
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the <code>release</code> method to destroy the instance
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directly, or by using <code>autorelease</code> and
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autorelease pools.
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</p>
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<p>
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You do not normally need to override this method in
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subclasses, unless you are implementing a class which for
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some reasons silently allocates instances of another class
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(this is typically needed to implement class clusters and
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similar design schemes).
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</p>
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<p>
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If you have turned on debugging of object allocation (by
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calling the <code>GSDebugAllocationActive</code>
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function), this method will also update the various
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debugging counts and monitors of allocated objects, which
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you can access using the <code>GSDebugAllocation...</code>
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functions.
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</p>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-2">cancelPreviousPerformRequestsWithTarget:selector:</a></h3>
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+ (void) <b>cancelPreviousPerformRequestsWithTarget:</b> (id)aTarget <b>selector:</b> (SEL)aSelector;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-3">class</a></h3>
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+ (Class) <b>class</b>;<br>
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Returns the receiver.
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-4">conformsToProtocol:</a></h3>
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+ (BOOL) <b>conformsToProtocol:</b> (Protocol*)aProtocol;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-5">copyWithZone:</a></h3>
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+ (id) <b>copyWithZone:</b> (NSZone*)zone;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-6">description</a></h3>
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+ (NSString*) <b>description</b>;<br>
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The <code>description</code> factory method describes the class
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of the receiver. In the default GNUstep implementation, this
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simply returns the name of the class as an NSString object.
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-7">descriptionWithLocale:</a></h3>
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+ (NSString*) <b>descriptionWithLocale:</b> (NSDictionary*)aLocale;<br>
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Standards: GNUstep<br>
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The default (NSOBject) implementation of this method simply calls
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the <code>description</code> method and discards the locale
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information.
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-8">descriptionWithLocale:indent:</a></h3>
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+ (NSString*) <b>descriptionWithLocale:</b> (NSDictionary*)aLocale <b>indent:</b> (unsigned int)level;<br>
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Standards: GNUstep<br>
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The default (NSObject) implementation of this method simply calls
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the <code>descriptionWithLocale:</code> method and discards the
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level information.
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-9">descriptionWithLocale:indent:to:</a></h3>
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+ (NSString*) <b>descriptionWithLocale:</b> (NSDictionary*)aLocale <b>indent:</b> (unsigned int)level <b>to:</b> (id<GNUDescriptionDestination>)output;<br>
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Standards: GNUstep<br>
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The default (NSObject) implementation of this method simply calls
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the <code>descriptionWithLocale:indent:</code> method and appends
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the value returned by that method to the output object.
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-10">initialize</a></h3>
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+ (void) <b>initialize</b>;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-11">instanceMethodForSelector:</a></h3>
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+ (IMP) <b>instanceMethodForSelector:</b> (SEL)aSelector;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-12">instanceMethodSignatureForSelector:</a></h3>
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+ (NSMethodSignature*) <b>instanceMethodSignatureForSelector:</b> (SEL)aSelector;<br>
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Returns a method signature object representing the
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method implemented for instsances of this class which
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corresponds to the supplied selector.
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-13">instancesRespondToSelector:</a></h3>
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+ (BOOL) <b>instancesRespondToSelector:</b> (SEL)aSelector;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-14">load</a></h3>
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+ (void) <b>load</b>;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-15">mutableCopyWithZone:</a></h3>
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+ (id) <b>mutableCopyWithZone:</b> (NSZone*)zone;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-16">new</a></h3>
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+ (id) <b>new</b>;<br>
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This method is a short-hand for alloc followed by init, that is,
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<p>
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<code>
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NSObject *object = [NSObject new];
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</code></p>
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is exactly the same as
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<p>
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<code>
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NSObject *object = [[NSObject alloc] init];
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</code></p>
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<p>
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This is a general convention: all <code>new...</code>
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methods are supposed to return a newly allocated and
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initialized instance, as would be generated by an
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<code>alloc</code> method followed by a corresponding
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<code>init...</code> method. Please note that if you are
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not using a garbage collector, this means that instances
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generated by the <code>new...</code> methods are not
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autoreleased, that is, you are responsible for releasing
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(autoreleasing) the instances yourself. So when you use
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<code>new</code> you typically do something like:
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</p>
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<p>
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<code>
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NSMutableArray *array = AUTORELEASE ([NSMutableArray new]);
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</code>
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</p>
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<p>
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You do no normally need to override <code>new</code> in
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subclasses, because if you override <code>init</code> (and
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optionally <code>allocWithZone:</code> if you really
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need), <code>new</code> will automatically use your
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subclass methods.
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</p>
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<p>
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You might need instead to define new <code>new...</code>
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methods specific to your subclass to match any
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<code>init...</code> specific to your subclass. For
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example, if your subclass defines
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</p>
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<p>
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<code>-initWithName:</code>
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</p>
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<p>
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it might be handy for you to have a
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</p>
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<p>
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<code>+newWithName:</code>
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</p>
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<p>
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which combines <code>alloc</code> and
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<code>initWithName:</code>. You would implement it as follows:
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</p>
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<p>
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<code>
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+ (id) newWithName: (NSString *)aName
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{
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return [[self alloc] initWithName: aName];
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}
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</code>
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</p>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-17">poseAsClass:</a></h3>
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+ (void) <b>poseAsClass:</b> (Class)aClass;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-18">setVersion:</a></h3>
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+ (void) <b>setVersion:</b> (int)aVersion;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-19">superclass</a></h3>
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+ (Class) <b>superclass</b>;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-20">version</a></h3>
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+ (int) <b>version</b>;<br>
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<hr>
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<hr><h2>Instances Methods </h2>
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<h3><a name ="method-21">awakeAfterUsingCoder:</a></h3>
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- (id) <b>awakeAfterUsingCoder:</b> (NSCoder*)aDecoder;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-22">classForArchiver</a></h3>
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- (Class) <b>classForArchiver</b>;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-23">classForCoder</a></h3>
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- (Class) <b>classForCoder</b>;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-24">classForPortCoder</a></h3>
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- (Class) <b>classForPortCoder</b>;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-25">connection:handleRequest:</a></h3>
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- (BOOL) <b>connection:</b> (NSConnection*)connection <b>handleRequest:</b> (NSDistantObjectRequest*)doreq;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-26">copy</a></h3>
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- (id) <b>copy</b>;<br>
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<hr>
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<h3><a name ="method-27">dealloc</a></h3>
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- (void) <b>dealloc</b>;<br>
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<p>
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<code>NSObject</code>'s implementation of this method
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destroys the receiver, by returning the memory allocated
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to the receiver to the system. After this method has been
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called on an instance, you must not refer the instance in
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any way, because it does not exist any longer. If you do,
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it is a bug and your program might even crash with a
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segmentation fault.
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</p>
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<p>
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If you have turned on the debugging facilities for
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instance allocation, <code>NSObject</code>'s
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implementation of this method will also update the various
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counts and monitors of allocated instances (see the
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<code>GSDebugAllocation...</code> functions for more
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info).
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</p>
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<p>
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Normally you are supposed to manage the memory taken by
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objects by using the high level interface provided by the
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<code>retain</code>, <code>release</code> and
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<code>autorelease</code> methods (or better by the
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corresponding macros <code>RETAIN</code>,
|
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<code>RELEASE</code> and <code>AUTORELEASE</code>), and by
|
|
autorelease pools and such; whenever the
|
|
release/autorelease mechanism determines that an object is
|
|
no longer needed (which happens when its retain count
|
|
reaches 0), it will call the <code>dealloc</code> method
|
|
to actually deallocate the object. This means that normally,
|
|
you should not need to call <code>dealloc</code> directly as
|
|
the gnustep base library automatically calls it for you when
|
|
the retain count of an object reaches 0.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
Because the <code>dealloc</code> method will be called
|
|
when an instance is being destroyed, if instances of your
|
|
subclass use objects or resources (as it happens for most
|
|
useful classes), you must override <code>dealloc</code> in
|
|
subclasses to release all objects and resources which are
|
|
used by the instance, otherwise these objects and
|
|
resources would be leaked. In the subclass
|
|
implementation, you should first release all your subclass
|
|
specific objects and resources, and then invoke super's
|
|
implementation (which will do the same, and so on up in
|
|
the class hierarchy to <code>NSObject</code>'s
|
|
implementation, which finally destroys the object). Here
|
|
is an example of the implementation of
|
|
<code>dealloc</code> for a subclass whose instances have a
|
|
single instance variable <code>name</code> which needs to
|
|
be released when an instance is deallocated:
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
<code>
|
|
- (void) dealloc
|
|
{
|
|
RELEASE (name);
|
|
[super dealloc];
|
|
}
|
|
</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
<code>dealloc</code> might contain code to release not
|
|
only objects, but also other resources, such as open
|
|
files, network connections, raw memory allocated in other
|
|
ways, etc.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-28">description</a></h3>
|
|
- (NSString*) <b>description</b>;<br>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
The <code>description</code> method describes the reciever.
|
|
In the default GNUstep implementation, this returns an NSString
|
|
object giving the name of the class of the receiver and the
|
|
hexadecimal representation of the recievers address enclosed
|
|
in angle brackets.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
Generally, classes other than NSObject will override this method
|
|
to provide a more informative description of their instances.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-29">descriptionWithLocale:</a></h3>
|
|
- (NSString*) <b>descriptionWithLocale:</b> (NSDictionary*)aLocale;<br>
|
|
Standards: GNUstep<br>
|
|
|
|
The default (NSOBject) implementation of this method simply calls
|
|
the <code>description</code> method and discards the locale
|
|
information.
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-30">descriptionWithLocale:indent:</a></h3>
|
|
- (NSString*) <b>descriptionWithLocale:</b> (NSDictionary*)aLocale <b>indent:</b> (unsigned int)level;<br>
|
|
Standards: GNUstep<br>
|
|
|
|
The default (NSObject) implementation of this method simply calls
|
|
the <code>descriptionWithLocale:</code> method and discards the
|
|
level information.
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-31">descriptionWithLocale:indent:to:</a></h3>
|
|
- (NSString*) <b>descriptionWithLocale:</b> (NSDictionary*)aLocale <b>indent:</b> (unsigned int)level <b>to:</b> (id<GNUDescriptionDestination>)output;<br>
|
|
Standards: GNUstep<br>
|
|
|
|
The default (NSObject) implementation of this method simply calls
|
|
the <code>descriptionWithLocale:indent:</code> method and appends
|
|
the value returned by that method to the output object.
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
Property-list classes (NSString, NSArray, NSDictionary and
|
|
NSData) will override this method in order to efficiently
|
|
write descriptions of themselves into property lists.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-32">doesNotRecognizeSelector:</a></h3>
|
|
- (void) <b>doesNotRecognizeSelector:</b> (SEL)aSelector;<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-33">forwardInvocation:</a></h3>
|
|
- (void) <b>forwardInvocation:</b> (NSInvocation*)anInvocation;<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-34">hash</a></h3>
|
|
- (unsigned int) <b>hash</b>;<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-35">init</a></h3>
|
|
- (id) <b>init</b>;<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-36">isEqual:</a></h3>
|
|
- (BOOL) <b>isEqual:</b> (id)anObject;<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-37">methodForSelector:</a></h3>
|
|
- (IMP) <b>methodForSelector:</b> (SEL)aSelector;<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-38">methodSignatureForSelector:</a></h3>
|
|
- (NSMethodSignature*) <b>methodSignatureForSelector:</b> (SEL)aSelector;<br>
|
|
|
|
Returns a method signature object representing the
|
|
method implemented in this object which corresponds to
|
|
the supplied selector.
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-39">mutableCopy</a></h3>
|
|
- (id) <b>mutableCopy</b>;<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-40">performSelector:withObject:</a></h3>
|
|
- (void) <b>performSelector:</b> (SEL)aSelector <b>withObject:</b> (id)anArgument;<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-41">performSelector:withObject:afterDelay:inModes:</a></h3>
|
|
- (void) <b>performSelector:</b> (SEL)aSelector <b>withObject:</b> (id)anArgument <b>afterDelay:</b> (NSTimeInterval)delay <b>inModes:</b> (NSArray*)modes;<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-42">replacementObjectForArchiver:</a></h3>
|
|
- (id) <b>replacementObjectForArchiver:</b> (NSArchiver*)anArchiver;<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-43">replacementObjectForCoder:</a></h3>
|
|
- (id) <b>replacementObjectForCoder:</b> (NSCoder*)aCoder;<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-44">replacementObjectForPortCoder:</a></h3>
|
|
- (id) <b>replacementObjectForPortCoder:</b> (NSPortCoder*)aCoder;<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-45">deallocNotificationsActive</a></h3>
|
|
- (BOOL) <b>deallocNotificationsActive</b>;<br>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
Returns a boolean indicating whether deallocation notification
|
|
has been turned on.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
If deallocation notification is turned on, whenever an objects
|
|
retain count reaches zero (and it would normally be deallocated)
|
|
the <em>_dealloc</em> methiod is called and the object is only
|
|
deallocated if that method returns YES.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-46">setDeallocNotificationsActive:</a></h3>
|
|
- (void) <b>setDeallocNotificationsActive:</b> (BOOL)flag;<br>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
Turns on (or off) deallocation notification.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
If deallocation notification is turned on, whenever an objects
|
|
retain count reaches zero (and it would normally be deallocated)
|
|
the <em>_dealloc</em> methiod is called and the object is only
|
|
deallocated if that method returns YES.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h3><a name ="method-47">_dealloc</a></h3>
|
|
- (BOOL) <b>_dealloc</b>;<br>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
Returns a boolean indicating whether the receiver should be
|
|
deallocated or not. The default implementation returns YES.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
This method is called when an objects retain count reaches
|
|
zero (if deallocation notifications are active).
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
This method is provided so that you can take some sort of
|
|
action when objects are deallocated ... normally you would
|
|
override this method in your classes, but you could also
|
|
override it in a category of NSObject - and perform some
|
|
action whenever <em>any</em> object is deallocated.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
|
</html>
|