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update for current api
git-svn-id: svn+ssh://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/libs/base/trunk@23913 72102866-910b-0410-8b05-ffd578937521
This commit is contained in:
rfm
parent
785619760b
commit
2a475a30a2
2 changed files with 204 additions and 119 deletions
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@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
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2006-10-19 Richard Frith-Macdonald <rfm@gnu.org>
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* Documentation/manual/DistributedObjects.texi: Update for current API
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2006-10-19 Matt Rice <ratmice@yahoo.com>
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* Source/NSBundle.m (_find_framework): initialize file_name variable.
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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ first look at the way code interacts with objects in a single process,
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and then look at how we can achieve the same interaction with objects
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that exist in different processes.
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@section Object Interaction
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@section Object Interaction
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@cindex object interaction, remote objects
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To continue with the example above, if the telephone directory existed
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@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ are said to exist in a separate 'address space').
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The Objective-C run-time library was not designed for this inter-process
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communication or 'remote messaging'.
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@section The GNUstep Solution
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@section The GNUstep Solution
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@cindex distributed objects
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@cindex remote objects
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@cindex client/server processes
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@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ remote server process in a suitably coded form.
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Let us now take a look at the additional lines of code required to make
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this 'remote messaging' possible.
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@subsection Code at the Server
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@subsection Code at the Server
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@cindex distributed objects, client code
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In order to respond to client messages, the responding server object must be
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@ -118,43 +118,43 @@ runloop would look something like this:
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@example
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/*
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* The main() function: Set up the program
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* The main() function: Set up the program
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* as a 'Distributed Objects Server'.
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*/
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int main(void)
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@{
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/*
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* Remember, create an instance of the
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* Remember, create an instance of the
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* NSAutoreleasePool class.
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*/
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CREATE_AUTORELEASE_POOL(pool);
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/*
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/*
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* Get the default NSConnection object
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* (a new one is automatically created if none exists).
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* (a new one is automatically created if none exists).
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*/
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NSConnection *connXion = [NSConnection defaultConnection];
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/*
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* Set the responding server object as
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* the root object for this connection.
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*/
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[connXion setRootObject: telephoneDirectory];
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/*
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/*
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* Try to register a name for the NSConnection,
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* and report an error if this is not possible.
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*/
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if ([connXion registerName: @@"DirectoryServer"] == NO)
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if ([connXion registerName: @@"DirectoryServer"] == NO)
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@{
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NSLog(@@"Unable to register as 'DirectoryServer'");
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NSLog(@@"Perhaps another copy of this program is running?");
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exit(1);
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@}
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/* Start the current runloop. */
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[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run];
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/* Release the pool */
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RELEASE(pool);
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return 0;
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@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ int main(void)
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These additional lines of code turn a program into a distributed objects
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server, ready to respond to incoming client messages.
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@subsection Code at the Client
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@subsection Code at the Client
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@cindex distributed objects, client code
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At the client, all you need do is obtain a proxy for the responding
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@ -176,21 +176,92 @@ at the server.
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CREATE_AUTORELEASE_POOL(pool);
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/* Get the proxy */
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id proxy = [NSConnection
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rootProxyForConnectionWithRegisteredName:
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@i{registeredServerName}
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host: @i{hostName}];
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id proxy = [NSConnection
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rootProxyForConnectionWithRegisteredName: @i{registeredServerName}];
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/* The rest of your program code goes here */
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/* Release the pool */
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RELEASE(pool);
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@end example
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The code that obtains the proxy automatically creates an NSConnection
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object for managing the inter-process communication, so there is no need
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to create one yourself. If the @i{hostName} in this statement is 'nil',
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then only the local host will be searched to find the
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to create one yourself.
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The above example serves to establish a secure connection between processes
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which are run by the same person and are both on the same host.
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If you want your connections to work between different host or between
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programs being run by different people, you do this slightly differently,
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telling the system that you want to use 'socket' ports, which make TCP/IP
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connections over the network.
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@example
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int main(void)
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@{
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CREATE_AUTORELEASE_POOL(pool);
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/*
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* Create a new socket port for your connection.
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*/
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NSSocketPort *port = [NSSocketPort port];
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/*
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* Create a connection using the socket port.
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*/
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NSConnection *connXion = [NSConnection connectionWithReceivePort: port
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sendPort: port];
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/*
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* Set the responding server object as
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* the root object for this connection.
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*/
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[connXion setRootObject: telephoneDirectory];
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/*
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* Try to register a name for the NSConnection,
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* and report an error if this is not possible.
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*/
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if ([connXion registerName: @@"DirectoryServer"
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withNameServer: [NSSocketPortNameServer sharedInstance]] == NO)
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@{
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NSLog(@@"Unable to register as 'DirectoryServer'");
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NSLog(@@"Perhaps another copy of this program is running?");
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exit(1);
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@}
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[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run];
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RELEASE(pool);
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return 0;
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@}
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@end example
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In the above example, we specify that the socket port name server is used
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to register the name for the connection ... this makes the connection name
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visible to processes running on other machines.
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The client side code is as follows
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@example
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/* Create an instance of the NSAutoreleasePool class */
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CREATE_AUTORELEASE_POOL(pool);
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/* Get the proxy */
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id proxy = [NSConnection
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rootProxyForConnectionWithRegisteredName: @i{registeredServerName}
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host: @i{hostName}
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usingNameServer: [NSSocketPortNameServer sharedInstance]];
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/* The rest of your program code goes here */
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/* Release the pool */
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RELEASE(pool);
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@end example
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If the @i{hostName} in this statement is 'nil'
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or an empty string, then only the local host will be searched to find the
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@i{registeredServerName}. If @i{hostName} is "*", then all hosts on the
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local network will be searched.
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@ -199,9 +270,9 @@ any host on the network would be:
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@example
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id proxyForDirectory = [NSConnection
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rootProxyForConnectionWithRegisteredName:
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@@"DirectoryServer"
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host: "*"];
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rootProxyForConnectionWithRegisteredName: @@"DirectoryServer"
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host: @@"*"
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usingNameServer: [NSSocketPortNameServer sharedInstance]];
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@end example
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With this additional line of code in the client program, you can now
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@ -213,7 +284,7 @@ object.
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@end example
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@subsection Using a Protocol
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@subsection Using a Protocol
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@cindex protocol for distributed objects
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@cindex distributed objects, using a protocol
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@ -246,15 +317,14 @@ In the telephone directory example, if the declared protocol was
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@example
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#include "protocolHeader.h";
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/* Extend the type declaration */
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id<TelephoneDirectory> proxyForDirectory;
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/* Cast the returned proxy object to the extended type */
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/* Cast the returned proxy object to the extended type */
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proxyForDirectory = (id<TelephoneDirectory>) [NSConnection
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rootProxyForConnectionWithRegisteredName:
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@@"DirectoryServer"
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host: "*"];
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rootProxyForConnectionWithRegisteredName: @@"DirectoryServer"
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usingNameServer: [NSSocketPortNameServer sharedInstance]];
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@end example
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Since class names and protocol names do not share the same 'address
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space' in a process, the declared protocol and the class of the
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@ -280,14 +350,14 @@ run the above example.
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#include "TelephoneDirectory.h"
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/*
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* Declare the TelephoneDirectory class that
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* Declare the TelephoneDirectory class that
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* implements the 'teleNumber' instance method.
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*/
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@@interface TelephoneDirectory : NSObject <TelephoneDirectory>
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@@end
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/*
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* Define the TelephoneDirectory class
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* Define the TelephoneDirectory class
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* and the instance method (teleNumber).
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*/
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@@implementation TelephoneDirectory : NSObject
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@ -313,7 +383,7 @@ run the above example.
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#include "TelephoneDirectory.h"
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/*
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* The main() function: Get the telephone number for
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* The main() function: Get the telephone number for
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* 'personName' from the server registered as 'DirectoryServer'.
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*/
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int main(int argc, char *argv[])
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@ -324,16 +394,16 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
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CREATE_AUTORELEASE_POOL(pool);
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/* Acquire the remote reference. */
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proxyForDirectory = (id<TelephoneDirectory>) [NSConnection
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rootProxyForConnectionWithRegisteredName:
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@@"DirectoryServer"
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host: @@"*"];
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proxyForDirectory = (id<TelephoneDirectory>) [NSConnection
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rootProxyForConnectionWithRegisteredName: @@"DirectoryServer"
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host: @@"*"
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usingNameServer: [NSSocketPortNameServer sharedInstance]];
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if(proxyForDirectory == nil)
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if (proxyForDirectory == nil)
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printf("\n** WARNING: NO CONNECTION TO SERVER **\n");
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else printf("\n** Connected to server **\n");
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if(argc == 2) // Command line name entered
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if (argc == 2) // Command line name entered
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@{
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returnedNumber = (char *)[proxyForDirectory teleNumber: personName];
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printf("\n%s%s%s%s%s\n", "** (In client) The telephone number for ",
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@ -361,7 +431,14 @@ you display a "No Server Connection" warning at the client?
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@cindex Distributed Objects Name Server, GNUstep
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You might wonder how the client finds the server, or, rather, how it finds the
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directory the server lists itself in. In fact an auxiliary process will
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directory the server lists itself in.
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For the default connection type (a connection only usable on the local host
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between processes run by the same person), a private file (or the registry
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on ms-windows) is used to hold the name registration information.
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For connections using socket ports to communicate between hosts,
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an auxiliary process will
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automatically be started on each machine, if it isn't running already, that
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handles this, allowing the server to register and the client to send a query
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behind the scenes. This @i{GNUstep Distributed Objects Name Server} runs as
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@ -423,7 +500,7 @@ to class documentation @uref{../Reference/index.html, here} or at the Apple
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web site.
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@subsection Protocol Adopted at Client
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@subsection Protocol Adopted at Client
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We have chosen @code{GameClient} as the name of both the protocol
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adopted at the client and the class of the responding client object. The
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@ -435,7 +512,7 @@ the class must implement.
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- (void) clientMessage: (bycopy NSString *)theMessage;
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- (int) clientReply;
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// Other methods would be added that
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// Other methods would be added that
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// reflect the nature of the game.
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@@end
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@ -456,7 +533,7 @@ the class must implement.
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- (int) startGame: (bycopy NSString*)name;
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- (BOOL) endGame: (bycopy NSString*)name;
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// Other methods would be added that
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// Other methods would be added that
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// reflect the nature of the game.
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@@end
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@ -477,19 +554,19 @@ The @code{main()} function attempts to connect to the server, while the
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#include "GameServer.h"
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#include "GameClient.h"
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/*
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* GameClient class declaration:
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/*
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* GameClient class declaration:
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* Adopt the GameClient protocol.
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*/
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@@interface GameClient : NSObject <GameClient>
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@@end
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/*
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/*
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* GameClient class implementation.
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*/
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@@implementation GameClient
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/*
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/*
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* Implement clientMessage: as declared in the protocol.
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* The method simply prints a message at the client.
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*/
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@ -498,9 +575,9 @@ The @code{main()} function attempts to connect to the server, while the
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printf([theMessage cString]);
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@}
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/*
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/*
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* Implement clientReply: as declared in the protocol.
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* The method simply returns the character entered
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* The method simply returns the character entered
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* at the client keyboard.
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*/
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- (int) clientReply
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@ -522,33 +599,34 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
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/*
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* The NSUserName() function returns the name of the
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* current user, which is sent to the server when we
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* current user, which is sent to the server when we
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* try to join the game.
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*/
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name = NSUserName();
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/*
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* Create a GameClient object that is sent to
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* the server when we try to join the game.
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* the server when we try to join the game.
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*/
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client = AUTORELEASE([GameClient new]);
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/*
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* Try to get a proxy for the root object of a server
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* registered under the name 'JoinGame'. Since the host
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* Try to get a proxy for the root object of a server
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* registered under the name 'JoinGame'. Since the host
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* is '*', we can connect to any server on the local network.
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*/
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server = (id<GameServer>)[NSConnection
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rootProxyForConnectionWithRegisteredName:
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@@"JoinGame" host: @@"*"];
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if(server == nil)
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server = (id<GameServer>)[NSConnection
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rootProxyForConnectionWithRegisteredName: @@"JoinGame"
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host: @@"*"
|
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usingNameServer: [NSSocketPortNameServer sharedInstance]];
|
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if (server == nil)
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@{
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printf("\n** No Connection to GameServer **\n");
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result = 1;
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@}
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/*
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* Try to join the game, passing a GameClient object as
|
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* Try to join the game, passing a GameClient object as
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* the client, and our user-name as name. The 'client'
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* argument will be received as a proxy at the server.
|
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*/
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@ -590,8 +668,8 @@ object to reflect the success of the player.
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|
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@subsection Code at the Server
|
||||
|
||||
The server code contains the @code{main} function and the
|
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@code{GameServer} class declaration and implementation.
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The server code contains the @code{main} function and the
|
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@code{GameServer} class declaration and implementation.
|
||||
|
||||
The @code{main()} function vends the server's root object and starts the
|
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runloop, while the @code{GameServer} class adopts the @code{GameServer}
|
||||
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|
@ -604,9 +682,9 @@ player information).
|
|||
#include "GameServer.h"
|
||||
#include "GameClient.h"
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* GameServer class declaration:
|
||||
* Adopt the GameServer protocol and declare
|
||||
* Adopt the GameServer protocol and declare
|
||||
* GameServer instance variables.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
@@interface GameServer : NSObject <GameServer>
|
||||
|
|
@ -617,7 +695,7 @@ player information).
|
|||
@}
|
||||
@@end
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* GameServer class implementation.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
@@implementation GameServer
|
||||
|
|
@ -628,26 +706,26 @@ player information).
|
|||
self = [super init];
|
||||
if (self != nil)
|
||||
@{
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Create a dictionary for a maximum of
|
||||
* 10 named players that will hold a
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Create a dictionary for a maximum of
|
||||
* 10 named players that will hold a
|
||||
* re-joining time delay.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
delayUntil = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]
|
||||
delayUntil = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]
|
||||
initWithCapacity: 10];
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Create a dictionary that will hold the
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Create a dictionary that will hold the
|
||||
* names of these players and a proxy for
|
||||
* the received client objects.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
currentPlayers = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]
|
||||
currentPlayers = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]
|
||||
initWithCapacity: 10];
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Create a dictionary that will record
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Create a dictionary that will record
|
||||
* a win for any of these named players.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
hasWon = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]
|
||||
hasWon = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]
|
||||
initWithCapacity: 10];
|
||||
@}
|
||||
return self;
|
||||
|
|
@ -664,7 +742,7 @@ player information).
|
|||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Implement mayJoin:: as declared in the protocol.
|
||||
* Adds the client to the list of current players.
|
||||
* Adds the client to the list of current players.
|
||||
* Each player is represented at the server by both
|
||||
* name and by proxy to the received client object.
|
||||
* A player cannot join the game if they are already playing,
|
||||
|
|
@ -680,7 +758,7 @@ player information).
|
|||
NSLog(@@"Attempt to join nil user");
|
||||
return NO;
|
||||
@}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/* Has the player already joined the game? */
|
||||
if ([currentPlayers objectForKey: name] != nil)
|
||||
@{
|
||||
|
|
@ -689,39 +767,39 @@ player information).
|
|||
[client clientMessage: aMessage];
|
||||
return NO;
|
||||
@}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/* Get the player's time delay for re-joining. */
|
||||
delay = [delayUntil objectForKey: name];
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Can the player join the game? Yes if there is
|
||||
* no restriction or if the time delay has passed;
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Can the player join the game? Yes if there is
|
||||
* no restriction or if the time delay has passed;
|
||||
* otherwise no, they cannot join.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
if (delay == nil || [delay timeIntervalSinceNow] <= 0.0)
|
||||
@{
|
||||
/* Remove the old restriction on re-joining the game. */
|
||||
[delayUntil removeObjectForKey: name];
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/* Add the player to the list of current players. */
|
||||
[currentPlayers setObject: client forKey: name];
|
||||
[hasWon setObject: @@"NO" forKey: name]; // They've not won yet.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/* Inform the client that they have joined the game. */
|
||||
aMessage = @@"\nWelcome to GameServer\n";
|
||||
[client clientMessage: aMessage];
|
||||
return YES;
|
||||
@}
|
||||
else
|
||||
else
|
||||
@{
|
||||
/* Inform the client that they cannot re-join. */
|
||||
aMessage = @@"\nSorry, you cannot re-join GameServer yet.\n";
|
||||
[client clientMessage: aMessage];
|
||||
return NO;
|
||||
return NO;
|
||||
@}
|
||||
@}
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Implement startGame: as declared in the protocol.
|
||||
* Simply ask the player if they want to win, and get
|
||||
* there reply.
|
||||
|
|
@ -731,20 +809,20 @@ player information).
|
|||
NSString *aMessage;
|
||||
id client;
|
||||
int reply;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
client = [currentPlayers objectForKey: name];
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
aMessage = @@"\nDo you want to win this game? (Y/N <RET>) ... ";
|
||||
[client clientMessage: aMessage];
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
reply = [client clientReply];
|
||||
if(reply == 'y' || reply == 'Y')
|
||||
if (reply == 'y' || reply == 'Y')
|
||||
[hasWon setObject: @@"YES" forKey: name]; // They win.
|
||||
else [hasWon setObject: @@"NO" forKey: name]; // They loose.
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
@}
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Implement endGame: as declared in the protocol.
|
||||
* Removes a player from the game, and either sets
|
||||
* a restriction on the player re-joining or removes
|
||||
|
|
@ -756,34 +834,34 @@ player information).
|
|||
NSString *aMessage, *yesOrNo;
|
||||
NSDate *now, *delay;
|
||||
NSTimeInterval twoHours = 2 * 60 * 60; // Seconds in 2 hours.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if (name == nil)
|
||||
@{
|
||||
NSLog(@@"Attempt to end nil user");
|
||||
return NO;
|
||||
@}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
now = [NSDate date];
|
||||
delay = [now addTimeInterval: twoHours];
|
||||
client = [currentPlayers objectForKey: name];
|
||||
yesOrNo = [hasWon objectForKey: name];
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if ([yesOrNo isEqualToString: @@"YES"]) // Has player won?
|
||||
@{
|
||||
/*
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Player wins, no time delay to re-joining the game.
|
||||
* Remove any re-joining restriction and send
|
||||
* a message to the client.
|
||||
* a message to the client.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
[delayUntil removeObjectForKey: name];
|
||||
aMessage = @@"\nWell played: you can re-join GameServer at any time.\n";
|
||||
[client clientMessage: aMessage];
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@}
|
||||
else // Player lost
|
||||
@{
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Set a time delay for re-joining the game,
|
||||
@{
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Set a time delay for re-joining the game,
|
||||
* and send a message to the client.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
[delayUntil setObject: delay forKey: name];
|
||||
|
|
@ -800,19 +878,22 @@ player information).
|
|||
@@end // End of GameServer class implementation
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* The main function of the server program simply
|
||||
* The main function of the server program simply
|
||||
* vends the root object and starts the runloop.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
int main(int argc, char** argv)
|
||||
@{
|
||||
CREATE_AUTORELEASE_POOL(pool);
|
||||
GameServer *server;
|
||||
NSSocketPort *port;
|
||||
NSConnection *connXion;
|
||||
|
||||
server = AUTORELEASE([GameServer new]);
|
||||
connXion = [NSConnection defaultConnection];
|
||||
port = [NSSocketPort port];
|
||||
connXion = [NSConnection connectionWithReceivePort: port sendPort: port];
|
||||
[connXion setRootObject: server];
|
||||
[connXion registerName: @@"JoinGame"];
|
||||
[connXion registerName: @@"JoinGame"
|
||||
withNameServer: [NSSocketPortNameServer sharedInstance]];
|
||||
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run];
|
||||
RELEASE(pool);
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
|
|
@ -886,34 +967,34 @@ will wait for the remote process to return.
|
|||
|
||||
@itemize @bullet
|
||||
@item The @b{oneway} qualifier is used in conjunction with a
|
||||
@code{void} return type to inform the run-time system that the sending
|
||||
process does not need to wait for the receiving method to return (known
|
||||
as 'asynchronous' messaging). The protocol declaration for the receiving
|
||||
@code{void} return type to inform the run-time system that the sending
|
||||
process does not need to wait for the receiving method to return (known
|
||||
as 'asynchronous' messaging). The protocol declaration for the receiving
|
||||
method would look something like this:@*@*
|
||||
|
||||
@code{- (@b{oneway} void)noWaitForReply;}@*@*
|
||||
|
||||
@item The @b{in, out } and @b{inout} qualifiers can be used with pointer
|
||||
@item The @b{in, out } and @b{inout} qualifiers can be used with pointer
|
||||
arguments to control the direction in which an argument is passed. The
|
||||
protocol declaration for the receiving methods would look something like
|
||||
protocol declaration for the receiving methods would look something like
|
||||
this:@*
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
/*
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* The value that 'number' points to will be passed @b{in} to the remote process.
|
||||
* (No need to return the argument's value from the remote process.)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
@code{- setValue: (@b{in} int *)number;}
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* The value that 'number' points to will be passed @b{out} of the remote process.
|
||||
* (No need to send the argument's value to the remote process.)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
@code{- getValue: (@b{out} int *)number;}
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* The value that 'number' points to is first passed @b{in} to the remote
|
||||
* process, but will eventually be the value that is passed @b{out} of the
|
||||
* process, but will eventually be the value that is passed @b{out} of the
|
||||
* remote process. (Send and return the argument's value.)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
@code{- changeValue: (@b{inout} int *)number;}
|
||||
|
|
@ -949,18 +1030,18 @@ type.
|
|||
when the argument or return type is an object.@*@*
|
||||
|
||||
An object is normally passed by reference and received in the remote
|
||||
process as a proxy. When an object is passed by copy, then a copy of
|
||||
the object will be received in the remote process, allowing the remote
|
||||
process to directly interact with the copy. Protocol declarations would
|
||||
process as a proxy. When an object is passed by copy, then a copy of
|
||||
the object will be received in the remote process, allowing the remote
|
||||
process to directly interact with the copy. Protocol declarations would
|
||||
look something like this:@*
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
/*
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Copy of object will be received in the remote process.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
- sortNames: (@b{bycopy} id)listOfNames;
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Copy of object will be returned by the remote process.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
- (@b{bycopy} id)returnNames;
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue