/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Copyright (c) 2002, Industrial Light & Magic, a division of Lucas // Digital Ltd. LLC // // All rights reserved. // // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are // met: // * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. // * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the // distribution. // * Neither the name of Industrial Light & Magic nor the names of // its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived // from this software without specific prior written permission. // // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // // 16-bit Huffman compression and decompression. // // The source code in this file is derived from the 8-bit // Huffman compression and decompression routines written // by Christian Rouet for his PIZ image file format. // //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- #include #include #include "ImfAutoArray.h" #include "Iex.h" #include #include #include using namespace std; using namespace IEX_NAMESPACE; #include "ImfNamespace.h" OPENEXR_IMF_INTERNAL_NAMESPACE_SOURCE_ENTER namespace { const int HUF_ENCBITS = 16; // literal (value) bit length const int HUF_DECBITS = 14; // decoding bit size (>= 8) const int HUF_ENCSIZE = (1 << HUF_ENCBITS) + 1; // encoding table size const int HUF_DECSIZE = 1 << HUF_DECBITS; // decoding table size const int HUF_DECMASK = HUF_DECSIZE - 1; struct HufDec { // short code long code //------------------------------- int len:8; // code length 0 int lit:24; // lit p size int * p; // 0 lits }; void invalidNBits () { throw InputExc ("Error in header for Huffman-encoded data " "(invalid number of bits)."); } void tooMuchData () { throw InputExc ("Error in Huffman-encoded data " "(decoded data are longer than expected)."); } void notEnoughData () { throw InputExc ("Error in Huffman-encoded data " "(decoded data are shorter than expected)."); } void invalidCode () { throw InputExc ("Error in Huffman-encoded data " "(invalid code)."); } void invalidTableSize () { throw InputExc ("Error in Huffman-encoded data " "(invalid code table size)."); } void unexpectedEndOfTable () { throw InputExc ("Error in Huffman-encoded data " "(unexpected end of code table data)."); } void tableTooLong () { throw InputExc ("Error in Huffman-encoded data " "(code table is longer than expected)."); } void invalidTableEntry () { throw InputExc ("Error in Huffman-encoded data " "(invalid code table entry)."); } inline Int64 hufLength (Int64 code) { return code & 63; } inline Int64 hufCode (Int64 code) { return code >> 6; } inline void outputBits (int nBits, Int64 bits, Int64 &c, int &lc, char *&out) { c <<= nBits; lc += nBits; c |= bits; while (lc >= 8) *out++ = (c >> (lc -= 8)); } inline Int64 getBits (int nBits, Int64 &c, int &lc, const char *&in) { while (lc < nBits) { c = (c << 8) | *(unsigned char *)(in++); lc += 8; } lc -= nBits; return (c >> lc) & ((1 << nBits) - 1); } // // ENCODING TABLE BUILDING & (UN)PACKING // // // Build a "canonical" Huffman code table: // - for each (uncompressed) symbol, hcode contains the length // of the corresponding code (in the compressed data) // - canonical codes are computed and stored in hcode // - the rules for constructing canonical codes are as follows: // * shorter codes (if filled with zeroes to the right) // have a numerically higher value than longer codes // * for codes with the same length, numerical values // increase with numerical symbol values // - because the canonical code table can be constructed from // symbol lengths alone, the code table can be transmitted // without sending the actual code values // - see http://www.compressconsult.com/huffman/ // void hufCanonicalCodeTable (Int64 hcode[HUF_ENCSIZE]) { Int64 n[59]; // // For each i from 0 through 58, count the // number of different codes of length i, and // store the count in n[i]. // for (int i = 0; i <= 58; ++i) n[i] = 0; for (int i = 0; i < HUF_ENCSIZE; ++i) n[hcode[i]] += 1; // // For each i from 58 through 1, compute the // numerically lowest code with length i, and // store that code in n[i]. // Int64 c = 0; for (int i = 58; i > 0; --i) { Int64 nc = ((c + n[i]) >> 1); n[i] = c; c = nc; } // // hcode[i] contains the length, l, of the // code for symbol i. Assign the next available // code of length l to the symbol and store both // l and the code in hcode[i]. // for (int i = 0; i < HUF_ENCSIZE; ++i) { int l = hcode[i]; if (l > 0) hcode[i] = l | (n[l]++ << 6); } } // // Compute Huffman codes (based on frq input) and store them in frq: // - code structure is : [63:lsb - 6:msb] | [5-0: bit length]; // - max code length is 58 bits; // - codes outside the range [im-iM] have a null length (unused values); // - original frequencies are destroyed; // - encoding tables are used by hufEncode() and hufBuildDecTable(); // struct FHeapCompare { bool operator () (Int64 *a, Int64 *b) {return *a > *b;} }; void hufBuildEncTable (Int64* frq, // io: input frequencies [HUF_ENCSIZE], output table int* im, // o: min frq index int* iM) // o: max frq index { // // This function assumes that when it is called, array frq // indicates the frequency of all possible symbols in the data // that are to be Huffman-encoded. (frq[i] contains the number // of occurrences of symbol i in the data.) // // The loop below does three things: // // 1) Finds the minimum and maximum indices that point // to non-zero entries in frq: // // frq[im] != 0, and frq[i] == 0 for all i < im // frq[iM] != 0, and frq[i] == 0 for all i > iM // // 2) Fills array fHeap with pointers to all non-zero // entries in frq. // // 3) Initializes array hlink such that hlink[i] == i // for all array entries. // AutoArray hlink; AutoArray fHeap; *im = 0; while (!frq[*im]) (*im)++; int nf = 0; for (int i = *im; i < HUF_ENCSIZE; i++) { hlink[i] = i; if (frq[i]) { fHeap[nf] = &frq[i]; nf++; *iM = i; } } // // Add a pseudo-symbol, with a frequency count of 1, to frq; // adjust the fHeap and hlink array accordingly. Function // hufEncode() uses the pseudo-symbol for run-length encoding. // (*iM)++; frq[*iM] = 1; fHeap[nf] = &frq[*iM]; nf++; // // Build an array, scode, such that scode[i] contains the number // of bits assigned to symbol i. Conceptually this is done by // constructing a tree whose leaves are the symbols with non-zero // frequency: // // Make a heap that contains all symbols with a non-zero frequency, // with the least frequent symbol on top. // // Repeat until only one symbol is left on the heap: // // Take the two least frequent symbols off the top of the heap. // Create a new node that has first two nodes as children, and // whose frequency is the sum of the frequencies of the first // two nodes. Put the new node back into the heap. // // The last node left on the heap is the root of the tree. For each // leaf node, the distance between the root and the leaf is the length // of the code for the corresponding symbol. // // The loop below doesn't actually build the tree; instead we compute // the distances of the leaves from the root on the fly. When a new // node is added to the heap, then that node's descendants are linked // into a single linear list that starts at the new node, and the code // lengths of the descendants (that is, their distance from the root // of the tree) are incremented by one. // make_heap (&fHeap[0], &fHeap[nf], FHeapCompare()); AutoArray scode; memset (scode, 0, sizeof (Int64) * HUF_ENCSIZE); while (nf > 1) { // // Find the indices, mm and m, of the two smallest non-zero frq // values in fHeap, add the smallest frq to the second-smallest // frq, and remove the smallest frq value from fHeap. // int mm = fHeap[0] - frq; pop_heap (&fHeap[0], &fHeap[nf], FHeapCompare()); --nf; int m = fHeap[0] - frq; pop_heap (&fHeap[0], &fHeap[nf], FHeapCompare()); frq[m ] += frq[mm]; push_heap (&fHeap[0], &fHeap[nf], FHeapCompare()); // // The entries in scode are linked into lists with the // entries in hlink serving as "next" pointers and with // the end of a list marked by hlink[j] == j. // // Traverse the lists that start at scode[m] and scode[mm]. // For each element visited, increment the length of the // corresponding code by one bit. (If we visit scode[j] // during the traversal, then the code for symbol j becomes // one bit longer.) // // Merge the lists that start at scode[m] and scode[mm] // into a single list that starts at scode[m]. // // // Add a bit to all codes in the first list. // for (int j = m; true; j = hlink[j]) { scode[j]++; assert (scode[j] <= 58); if (hlink[j] == j) { // // Merge the two lists. // hlink[j] = mm; break; } } // // Add a bit to all codes in the second list // for (int j = mm; true; j = hlink[j]) { scode[j]++; assert (scode[j] <= 58); if (hlink[j] == j) break; } } // // Build a canonical Huffman code table, replacing the code // lengths in scode with (code, code length) pairs. Copy the // code table from scode into frq. // hufCanonicalCodeTable (scode); memcpy (frq, scode, sizeof (Int64) * HUF_ENCSIZE); } // // Pack an encoding table: // - only code lengths, not actual codes, are stored // - runs of zeroes are compressed as follows: // // unpacked packed // -------------------------------- // 1 zero 0 (6 bits) // 2 zeroes 59 // 3 zeroes 60 // 4 zeroes 61 // 5 zeroes 62 // n zeroes (6 or more) 63 n-6 (6 + 8 bits) // const int SHORT_ZEROCODE_RUN = 59; const int LONG_ZEROCODE_RUN = 63; const int SHORTEST_LONG_RUN = 2 + LONG_ZEROCODE_RUN - SHORT_ZEROCODE_RUN; const int LONGEST_LONG_RUN = 255 + SHORTEST_LONG_RUN; void hufPackEncTable (const Int64* hcode, // i : encoding table [HUF_ENCSIZE] int im, // i : min hcode index int iM, // i : max hcode index char** pcode) // o: ptr to packed table (updated) { char *p = *pcode; Int64 c = 0; int lc = 0; for (; im <= iM; im++) { int l = hufLength (hcode[im]); if (l == 0) { int zerun = 1; while ((im < iM) && (zerun < LONGEST_LONG_RUN)) { if (hufLength (hcode[im+1]) > 0 ) break; im++; zerun++; } if (zerun >= 2) { if (zerun >= SHORTEST_LONG_RUN) { outputBits (6, LONG_ZEROCODE_RUN, c, lc, p); outputBits (8, zerun - SHORTEST_LONG_RUN, c, lc, p); } else { outputBits (6, SHORT_ZEROCODE_RUN + zerun - 2, c, lc, p); } continue; } } outputBits (6, l, c, lc, p); } if (lc > 0) *p++ = (unsigned char) (c << (8 - lc)); *pcode = p; } // // Unpack an encoding table packed by hufPackEncTable(): // void hufUnpackEncTable (const char** pcode, // io: ptr to packed table (updated) int ni, // i : input size (in bytes) int im, // i : min hcode index int iM, // i : max hcode index Int64* hcode) // o: encoding table [HUF_ENCSIZE] { memset (hcode, 0, sizeof (Int64) * HUF_ENCSIZE); const char *p = *pcode; Int64 c = 0; int lc = 0; for (; im <= iM; im++) { if (p - *pcode > ni) unexpectedEndOfTable(); Int64 l = hcode[im] = getBits (6, c, lc, p); // code length if (l == (Int64) LONG_ZEROCODE_RUN) { if (p - *pcode > ni) unexpectedEndOfTable(); int zerun = getBits (8, c, lc, p) + SHORTEST_LONG_RUN; if (im + zerun > iM + 1) tableTooLong(); while (zerun--) hcode[im++] = 0; im--; } else if (l >= (Int64) SHORT_ZEROCODE_RUN) { int zerun = l - SHORT_ZEROCODE_RUN + 2; if (im + zerun > iM + 1) tableTooLong(); while (zerun--) hcode[im++] = 0; im--; } } *pcode = const_cast(p); hufCanonicalCodeTable (hcode); } // // DECODING TABLE BUILDING // // // Clear a newly allocated decoding table so that it contains only zeroes. // void hufClearDecTable (HufDec * hdecod) // io: (allocated by caller) // decoding table [HUF_DECSIZE] { memset (hdecod, 0, sizeof (HufDec) * HUF_DECSIZE); } // // Build a decoding hash table based on the encoding table hcode: // - short codes (<= HUF_DECBITS) are resolved with a single table access; // - long code entry allocations are not optimized, because long codes are // unfrequent; // - decoding tables are used by hufDecode(); // void hufBuildDecTable (const Int64* hcode, // i : encoding table int im, // i : min index in hcode int iM, // i : max index in hcode HufDec * hdecod) // o: (allocated by caller) // decoding table [HUF_DECSIZE] { // // Init hashtable & loop on all codes. // Assumes that hufClearDecTable(hdecod) has already been called. // for (; im <= iM; im++) { Int64 c = hufCode (hcode[im]); int l = hufLength (hcode[im]); if (c >> l) { // // Error: c is supposed to be an l-bit code, // but c contains a value that is greater // than the largest l-bit number. // invalidTableEntry(); } if (l > HUF_DECBITS) { // // Long code: add a secondary entry // HufDec *pl = hdecod + (c >> (l - HUF_DECBITS)); if (pl->len) { // // Error: a short code has already // been stored in table entry *pl. // invalidTableEntry(); } pl->lit++; if (pl->p) { int *p = pl->p; pl->p = new int [pl->lit]; for (int i = 0; i < pl->lit - 1; ++i) pl->p[i] = p[i]; delete [] p; } else { pl->p = new int [1]; } pl->p[pl->lit - 1]= im; } else if (l) { // // Short code: init all primary entries // HufDec *pl = hdecod + (c << (HUF_DECBITS - l)); for (Int64 i = 1 << (HUF_DECBITS - l); i > 0; i--, pl++) { if (pl->len || pl->p) { // // Error: a short code or a long code has // already been stored in table entry *pl. // invalidTableEntry(); } pl->len = l; pl->lit = im; } } } } // // Free the long code entries of a decoding table built by hufBuildDecTable() // void hufFreeDecTable (HufDec *hdecod) // io: Decoding table { for (int i = 0; i < HUF_DECSIZE; i++) { if (hdecod[i].p) { delete [] hdecod[i].p; hdecod[i].p = 0; } } } // // ENCODING // inline void outputCode (Int64 code, Int64 &c, int &lc, char *&out) { outputBits (hufLength (code), hufCode (code), c, lc, out); } inline void sendCode (Int64 sCode, int runCount, Int64 runCode, Int64 &c, int &lc, char *&out) { static const int RLMIN = 32; // min count to activate run-length coding if (runCount > RLMIN) { outputCode (sCode, c, lc, out); outputCode (runCode, c, lc, out); outputBits (8, runCount, c, lc, out); } else { while (runCount-- >= 0) outputCode (sCode, c, lc, out); } } // // Encode (compress) ni values based on the Huffman encoding table hcode: // int hufEncode // return: output size (in bits) (const Int64* hcode, // i : encoding table const unsigned short* in, // i : uncompressed input buffer const int ni, // i : input buffer size (in bytes) int rlc, // i : rl code char* out) // o: compressed output buffer { char *outStart = out; Int64 c = 0; // bits not yet written to out int lc = 0; // number of valid bits in c (LSB) int s = in[0]; int cs = 0; // // Loop on input values // for (int i = 1; i < ni; i++) { // // Count same values or send code // if (s == in[i] && cs < 255) { cs++; } else { sendCode (hcode[s], cs, hcode[rlc], c, lc, out); cs=0; } s = in[i]; } // // Send remaining code // sendCode (hcode[s], cs, hcode[rlc], c, lc, out); if (lc) *out = (c << (8 - lc)) & 0xff; return (out - outStart) * 8 + lc; } // // DECODING // // // In order to force the compiler to inline them, // getChar() and getCode() are implemented as macros // instead of "inline" functions. // #define getChar(c, lc, in) \ { \ c = (c << 8) | *(unsigned char *)(in++); \ lc += 8; \ } #define getCode(po, rlc, c, lc, in, out, oe) \ { \ if (po == rlc) \ { \ if (lc < 8) \ getChar(c, lc, in); \ \ lc -= 8; \ \ unsigned char cs = (c >> lc); \ \ if (out + cs > oe) \ tooMuchData(); \ \ unsigned short s = out[-1]; \ \ while (cs-- > 0) \ *out++ = s; \ } \ else if (out < oe) \ { \ *out++ = po; \ } \ else \ { \ tooMuchData(); \ } \ } // // Decode (uncompress) ni bits based on encoding & decoding tables: // void hufDecode (const Int64 * hcode, // i : encoding table const HufDec * hdecod, // i : decoding table const char* in, // i : compressed input buffer int ni, // i : input size (in bits) int rlc, // i : run-length code int no, // i : expected output size (in bytes) unsigned short* out) // o: uncompressed output buffer { Int64 c = 0; int lc = 0; unsigned short * outb = out; unsigned short * oe = out + no; const char * ie = in + (ni + 7) / 8; // input byte size // // Loop on input bytes // while (in < ie) { getChar (c, lc, in); // // Access decoding table // while (lc >= HUF_DECBITS) { const HufDec pl = hdecod[(c >> (lc-HUF_DECBITS)) & HUF_DECMASK]; if (pl.len) { // // Get short code // lc -= pl.len; getCode (pl.lit, rlc, c, lc, in, out, oe); } else { if (!pl.p) invalidCode(); // wrong code // // Search long code // int j; for (j = 0; j < pl.lit; j++) { int l = hufLength (hcode[pl.p[j]]); while (lc < l && in < ie) // get more bits getChar (c, lc, in); if (lc >= l) { if (hufCode (hcode[pl.p[j]]) == ((c >> (lc - l)) & ((Int64(1) << l) - 1))) { // // Found : get long code // lc -= l; getCode (pl.p[j], rlc, c, lc, in, out, oe); break; } } } if (j == pl.lit) invalidCode(); // Not found } } } // // Get remaining (short) codes // int i = (8 - ni) & 7; c >>= i; lc -= i; while (lc > 0) { const HufDec pl = hdecod[(c << (HUF_DECBITS - lc)) & HUF_DECMASK]; if (pl.len) { lc -= pl.len; getCode (pl.lit, rlc, c, lc, in, out, oe); } else { invalidCode(); // wrong (long) code } } if (out - outb != no) notEnoughData (); } void countFrequencies (Int64 freq[HUF_ENCSIZE], const unsigned short data[/*n*/], int n) { for (int i = 0; i < HUF_ENCSIZE; ++i) freq[i] = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) ++freq[data[i]]; } void writeUInt (char buf[4], unsigned int i) { unsigned char *b = (unsigned char *) buf; b[0] = i; b[1] = i >> 8; b[2] = i >> 16; b[3] = i >> 24; } unsigned int readUInt (const char buf[4]) { const unsigned char *b = (const unsigned char *) buf; return ( b[0] & 0x000000ff) | ((b[1] << 8) & 0x0000ff00) | ((b[2] << 16) & 0x00ff0000) | ((b[3] << 24) & 0xff000000); } } // namespace // // EXTERNAL INTERFACE // int hufCompress (const unsigned short raw[], int nRaw, char compressed[]) { if (nRaw == 0) return 0; AutoArray freq; countFrequencies (freq, raw, nRaw); int im, iM; hufBuildEncTable (freq, &im, &iM); char *tableStart = compressed + 20; char *tableEnd = tableStart; hufPackEncTable (freq, im, iM, &tableEnd); int tableLength = tableEnd - tableStart; char *dataStart = tableEnd; int nBits = hufEncode (freq, raw, nRaw, iM, dataStart); int dataLength = (nBits + 7) / 8; writeUInt (compressed, im); writeUInt (compressed + 4, iM); writeUInt (compressed + 8, tableLength); writeUInt (compressed + 12, nBits); writeUInt (compressed + 16, 0); // room for future extensions return dataStart + dataLength - compressed; } void hufUncompress (const char compressed[], int nCompressed, unsigned short raw[], int nRaw) { if (nCompressed == 0) { if (nRaw != 0) notEnoughData(); return; } int im = readUInt (compressed); int iM = readUInt (compressed + 4); // int tableLength = readUInt (compressed + 8); int nBits = readUInt (compressed + 12); if (im < 0 || im >= HUF_ENCSIZE || iM < 0 || iM >= HUF_ENCSIZE) invalidTableSize(); const char *ptr = compressed + 20; AutoArray freq; AutoArray hdec; hufClearDecTable (hdec); hufUnpackEncTable (&ptr, nCompressed - (ptr - compressed), im, iM, freq); try { if (nBits > 8 * (nCompressed - (ptr - compressed))) invalidNBits(); hufBuildDecTable (freq, im, iM, hdec); hufDecode (freq, hdec, ptr, nBits, iM, nRaw, raw); } catch (...) { hufFreeDecTable (hdec); throw; } hufFreeDecTable (hdec); } OPENEXR_IMF_INTERNAL_NAMESPACE_SOURCE_EXIT