iddevnet/quake4/Tutorial_ScriptEntities.html
Daniel Gibson 5a7e5cbe45 Q4: Fix links within Wiki
it's more or less usable now!

all images (except for the ones of moinmoin itself) are still missing.

possibly articles are missing as well, haven't checked yet

(and the lost downloads are missing, of course)
2021-04-10 16:00:23 +02:00

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<h1 id="head-db2075940623837fbcd2b5203435ad2b4bdd76bc">The $ Symbol, Entities and You</h1>
<span class="anchor" id="line-2"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-3"></span><p class="line862">Any time you want to reference an entity in script, you need to use it's handle. Handles can be accessed directly, via the $ operator, or through <a href="./ScriptVariable#entity.html">entity variables</a>. Check out the examples <span class="anchor" id="line-4"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-5"></span><p class="line867">
<h2 id="head-cfd024b57ebb467f7c44e690da08f8d9d95092e8">Using $ to grab handles</h2>
<span class="anchor" id="line-6"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-7"></span><p class="line874">Use a dollar sign $ before the name of an entity to tell the scripting system that this is an entity. If you don’t use the $, the game won’t know what you’re talking about. <span class="anchor" id="line-8"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-9"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-10"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-11"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-12"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-13"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-14"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-15"></span><div class="codearea" dir="ltr" lang="en">
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<pre dir="ltr" id="CA-c105357339e94d12f9957ecb1a28f74bc1c9805c_000" lang="en"><span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 1 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 2 </span> <span class="Comment">//open the door and show the monster</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 3 </span> $<span class="ID">door_100</span><span class="SPChar">.</span><span class="ID">open</span><span class="SPChar">(</span><span class="SPChar">)</span><span class="SPChar">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 4 </span> $<span class="ID">monster_grunt_leftroom</span><span class="SPChar">.</span><span class="ID">show</span><span class="SPChar">(</span><span class="SPChar">)</span><span class="SPChar">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 5 </span></span>
</pre></div><span class="anchor" id="line-16"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-17"></span><p class="line867"><img alt="/!\" height="15" src="wiki/modern/img/alert.png" title="/!\" width="15" /> Again, If you're going to reference the objects by map name, you must use the $ operator. The following example won't work. <span class="anchor" id="line-18"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-19"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-20"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-21"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-22"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-23"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-24"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-25"></span><div class="codearea" dir="ltr" lang="en">
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<pre dir="ltr" id="CA-1cb1e46ca284a1a4a1b0b86bfebc264decd27ef5_001" lang="en"><span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 1 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 2 </span> <span class="Comment">//this line will cause the script to not compile.</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 3 </span> <span class="ID">door_100</span><span class="SPChar">.</span><span class="ID">open</span><span class="SPChar">(</span><span class="SPChar">)</span><span class="SPChar">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 4 </span></span>
</pre></div><span class="anchor" id="line-26"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-27"></span><p class="line862">If you reference something in script that isn't a <a href="./ScriptVariable.html">variable</a>, <a href="./ScriptSyntax.html">syntax</a>, or a map entity preceded by the $ operator, you'll get an <a href="./ScriptError_UnknownValueError.html">unknown value error</a>. <span class="anchor" id="line-28"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-29"></span><p class="line867">
<h2 id="head-59df83ade4b1e7519464a96632088bac78d5d877">Storing entity handles in variables</h2>
<span class="anchor" id="line-30"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-31"></span><p class="line862">Another way to reference entities in script is via the <a href="./ScriptVariable#entity.html">entity variable</a>. This allows you to write all purpose functions that get around hard coding. If you're familiar with C++, think of them as pointers. Otherwise, check out our example below. <span class="anchor" id="line-32"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-33"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-34"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-35"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-36"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-37"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-38"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-39"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-40"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-41"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-42"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-43"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-44"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-45"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-46"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-47"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-48"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-49"></span><div class="codearea" dir="ltr" lang="en">
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<pre dir="ltr" id="CA-146a8aad9c1e621d613570756a5149f555ce318d_002" lang="en"><span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 1 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 2 </span> <span class="ID">entity</span> <span class="ID">crazyDoor</span><span class="SPChar">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 3 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 4 </span> <span class="Comment">//Put the handle from door_100 into the crazyDoor variable.</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 5 </span> <span class="ID">crazyDoor</span> <span class="SPChar">=</span> $<span class="ID">door_100</span><span class="SPChar">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 6 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 7 </span> <span class="Comment">//both of these calls affect the same entity!</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 8 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 9 </span> <span class="Comment">//notice-- no $ sign</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 10 </span> <span class="ID">crazyDoor</span><span class="SPChar">.</span><span class="ID">open</span><span class="SPChar">(</span><span class="SPChar">)</span><span class="SPChar">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 11 </span> <span class="ID">sys</span><span class="SPChar">.</span><span class="ID">wait</span><span class="SPChar">(</span><span class="Number">5</span><span class="SPChar">)</span><span class="SPChar">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 12 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 13 </span> <span class="Comment">//return of $</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 14 </span> $<span class="ID">door_100</span><span class="SPChar">.</span><span class="ID">close</span><span class="SPChar">(</span><span class="SPChar">)</span><span class="SPChar">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 15 </span></span>
</pre></div><span class="anchor" id="line-50"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-51"></span><p class="line874">Why would we do this? Let imagine we want to create a function that opens a door and reveals a monster. Let's also say you're going to do this multiple times in your map, so instead of scripting it over and over again, you'll write a function for it. <span class="anchor" id="line-52"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-53"></span><p class="line867"><span class="anchor" id="line-54"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-55"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-56"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-57"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-58"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-59"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-60"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-61"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-62"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-63"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-64"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-65"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-66"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-67"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-68"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-69"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-70"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-71"></span><div class="codearea" dir="ltr" lang="en">
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<pre dir="ltr" id="CA-05393096fe2679ac2f9614dbc21ae787a1b6b4fa_003" lang="en"><span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 1 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 2 </span><span class="Comment">//this will open a door and reveal a monster!</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 3 </span><span class="ResWord">void</span> <span class="ID">ohNoMonsterCloset</span><span class="SPChar">(</span> <span class="ID">entity</span> <span class="ID">theDoor</span><span class="SPChar">,</span> <span class="ID">entity</span> <span class="ID">theMonster</span> <span class="SPChar">)</span> <span class="SPChar">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 4 </span> </span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 5 </span> <span class="ID">theDoor</span><span class="SPChar">.</span><span class="ID">open</span><span class="SPChar">(</span><span class="SPChar">)</span><span class="SPChar">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 6 </span> <span class="ID">theMonster</span><span class="SPChar">.</span><span class="ID">show</span><span class="SPChar">(</span><span class="SPChar">)</span><span class="SPChar">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 7 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 8 </span><span class="SPChar">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 9 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 10 </span><span class="Comment">//now, in the rest of your script, you can toss this around:</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 11 </span><span class="ResWord">void</span> <span class="ID">sendInTheBeasts</span><span class="SPChar">(</span><span class="SPChar">)</span> <span class="SPChar">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 12 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 13 </span> <span class="ID">ohNoMonsterCloset</span><span class="SPChar">(</span> $<span class="ID">door1</span><span class="SPChar">,</span> $<span class="ID">monster_grunt_1</span><span class="SPChar">)</span><span class="SPChar">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 14 </span> <span class="ID">ohNoMonsterCloset</span><span class="SPChar">(</span> $<span class="ID">door_left</span><span class="SPChar">,</span> $<span class="ID">monster_gladiator_left</span> <span class="SPChar">)</span><span class="SPChar">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 15 </span> <span class="ID">ohNoMonsterCloset</span><span class="SPChar">(</span> $<span class="ID">backdoor</span><span class="SPChar">,</span> $<span class="ID">cheapmonster</span> <span class="SPChar">)</span><span class="SPChar">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 16 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span class="LineNumber"> 17 </span><span class="SPChar">}</span></span>
</pre></div><span class="anchor" id="line-72"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-73"></span><p class="line867"><strong>Learn more about <a class="nonexistent" href="./Tutorial_WritingFunctions.html">writing your own functions</a>.</strong> <span class="anchor" id="line-74"></span><span class="anchor" id="bottom"></span></div><p id="pageinfo" class="info" lang="en" dir="ltr">Tutorial ScriptEntities (last edited 2005-11-02 20:36:21 by <span title="JimShepard @ 67.129.250.254[67.129.250.254]"><a class="nonexistent" href="./JimShepard.html" title="JimShepard @ 67.129.250.254[67.129.250.254]">JimShepard</a></span>)</p>
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